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Land conversion associated with renewable energy expansion generates profound socio-cultural transformations in agrarian communities. This study aims to analyze how wind power development reshapes agrarian identity, social capital configuration, and the meaning of land within rural society from an anthropology of development perspective. This research applies qualitative literature-based analysis supported by recent peer-reviewed scholarship on land use change, rural transformation, social capital, and political ecology. Conceptual synthesis integrates sustainable livelihood framework, identity negotiation theory, and energy landscape analysis to construct an interpretive analytical model. Findings indicate that agricultural land conversion produces deagrarianization, occupational shifts, and reconfiguration of social stratification. Land is redefined from a genealogical and productive space into infrastructure and investment asset. Social capital grounded in kinship networks, customary institutions, and local organizations functions as a resilience mechanism through risk redistribution, collective solidarity, and participatory negotiation. Energy landscapes restructure symbolic and material relations between community and territory, generating both hybrid identities and conflict dynamics. Inclusive governance determines whether renewable energy fosters adaptive transformation or deepens commodification and exclusion. Renewable energy transition in rural areas requires socio-cultural recognition beyond technical implementation. Integrating local identity, participatory governance, and community ownership strengthens just and sustainable transformation pathways.

Overcapacity in Correctional Institutions is a structural problem that is still a serious challenge in the correctional system in Indonesia. This condition is characterized by the number of inmates that far exceeds the ideal capacity, resulting in a decrease in the quality of coaching, health services, and security. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause overcapacity in prisons and the impact they have on the effectiveness of the correctional system. The method used is a normative juridical approach supported by empirical data from relevant agency reports. The results of the study show that the main factors causing overcapacity include the high crime rate, criminal policies that are still oriented towards prison sentences, and limited correctional facilities and infrastructure. The impact of overcapacity is very felt in the implementation of inmate development. Crowded housing conditions also increase conflicts between inmates, the spread of infectious diseases, and violations of basic rights. In addition, the limited number of correctional officers causes supervision to not run optimally and has the potential to trigger deviant practices in prisons. Therefore, it is necessary to reformulate penal policies through the optimization of non-prison penal alternatives, institutional capacity building, and strengthening rehabilitation and social reintegration programs to realize a more humane and just correctional system.

This study examines the Hybrid Model of Restorative Justice from a comparative perspective between Civil Law and Common Law systems as a reflection of the transformation of criminal law policy. The Civil Law system, rooted in legal positivism, emphasizes formal legal certainty through codification, whereas the Common Law system allows broader judicial discretion and judge-made law. These differing paradigms significantly influence the development and implementation of restorative justice. Indonesia, as a Civil Law country, has demonstrated a shift toward a hybrid legal policy by incorporating Common Law values into its criminal justice reforms, particularly through the National Criminal Code. This research employs a normative juridical method using conceptual, statutory, and comparative law approaches. The findings indicate that the Hybrid Model of Restorative Justice represents a strategic legal policy choice aimed at harmonizing legal certainty and substantive justice in accordance with the Pancasila legal ideals.

Indonesia's maritime security faces increasingly complex challenges due to the rise of hybrid threats that combine traditional and non-traditional elements. One of the main threats is the shadow fleet, operating covertly with unregistered ships, evading detection, and exploiting weaknesses in maritime surveillance to engage in illegal activities such as smuggling, illegal transshipment, and unlawful exploitation of natural resources. This phenomenon exacerbates Indonesia's maritime security situation, particularly in strategic areas like the Natuna Sea and the Sunda Strait, which are vulnerable to geopolitical conflicts and overlapping territorial claims. Additionally, transnational crimes such as piracy, drug trafficking, and human trafficking further undermine security in Indonesian waters. To address these threats, Indonesia needs to strengthen its maritime surveillance capacity by adopting advanced technologies such as early detection sistems and the Automatic Identification Sistem (AIS), as well as enhancing coordination between maritime agencies like Bakamla and the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) to improve responses to harder-to-detect threats. Moreover, international cooperation with neighboring countries and regional maritime organizations like ASEAN must be bolstered to tackle cross-border threats. Strengthening surveillance, modernizing technology, and fostering more integrative maritime diplomacy will be crucial in safeguarding Indonesia's maritime sovereignty and ensuring the stability of this increasingly strategic maritime region.

This article examines the relationship between Islamic politics and democracy in contemporary Indonesia. As the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia presents a distinctive dynamic in the interaction between Islamic values and modern democratic systems. This study aims to analyze how Islamic political actors, including political parties and religious organizations, interact with and adapt to democratic practices in the post-Reform era. The research employs a qualitative method through a literature review of Indonesian academic journals published within the last five years. The findings indicate that Islamic politics in Indonesia is plural and dynamic, showing an adaptive tendency toward democratic principles. Islamic values such as deliberation (shura), justice, and equality are considered compatible with democratic ideals. However, Islamic politics also faces contemporary challenges, including the politicization of religion, identity politics, and social polarization. The article concludes that the relationship between Islamic politics and democracy in Indonesia is dynamic and largely adaptive within the framework of the Pancasila state.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed financial transaction systems, including the use of securities. Conventional securities, which traditionally function as instruments of payment, evidence, and transfer of rights, face various challenges such as document forgery, loss, and administrative inefficiency. These conditions have encouraged the digitalization of securities, requiring adjustments within the Indonesian legal framework. This study aims to analyze the transformation of securities from conventional forms to digital formats within the perspective of Indonesian law and to assess the adequacy of existing regulations in addressing such developments. The research employs a normative juridical approach by examining primary legal materials in the form of statutory regulations and secondary legal materials consisting of legal literature and previous studies. The findings indicate that although electronic documents have been legally recognized as valid evidence, there is no specific and comprehensive regulation governing digital securities. Consequently, legal uncertainty remains regarding the transfer of rights, evidentiary strength, and legal protection for holders of digital securities. This study is expected to contribute conceptually to the development of adaptive legal regulations that ensure legal certainty and protection in the context of modern digital transactions.

This study aims to examine the judge's considerations in rendering decisions in aggravated theft cases at the Medan District Court, with an emphasis on the balance between legal and non-legal aspects in realizing substantive justice. The issue of disparate sentencing that frequently arises is the main background of this study. The methods used are an integrated normative legal approach and an empirical legal approach. The normative approach is used to examine the provisions of Article 363 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the legal principles that govern the judge's considerations, while the empirical approach is carried out through direct observation of the trial process and analysis of the judge's decision. The results of the study indicate that the judge in case Number 1110/Pid. B/2025/PN Medan not only complied with legal aspects such as fulfilling the elements of the crime, evidence, and the application of the principle of legality, but also considered non-legal aspects such as the socio-economic conditions, age, and motives of the defendant. These considerations demonstrate the application of the principles of criminal individualization and proportional justice. In addition, the judge also considered moral values ​​and social benefits in his decision, which is in line with Gustav Radbruch's theory of three basic legal values: justice, legal certainty, and utility. This study concludes that the thinking patterns of judges at the Medan District Court reflect a shift toward substantive and restorative justice paradigms. It is recommended that the Supreme Court strengthen integrated sentencing guidelines to avoid disparities in sentencing and encourage the adoption of a rehabilitative approach for offenders with low economic motivations.

State institutions play a primary role in governing and exercising power within a country. Indonesia, as a unitary state with a republican system, regulates the state's institutional structure through the 1945 Constitution, which serves as the supreme legal basis and guideline for state administration. The function of state institutions is to ensure that all aspects of government are implemented in accordance with the principles of law, justice, and public welfare. The state is not only considered a legal entity but also a social entity with specific functions and logic. The state's objectives are directed at balancing government power and citizen rights and accommodating the interests of individuals and the wider community. Following the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, Indonesia's institutional system underwent significant changes with the establishment of independent institutions that strengthen democracy, transparency, and accountability. Understanding the state's foundations, the requirements for formation, the form and system of government, and the relationships between institutions is crucial for maintaining Indonesia's constitutional order. Furthermore, public respect for state symbols and institutions contributes to strengthening unity and political stability, and realizing the ideals of a sovereign and prosperous nation.

Modern conflict has evolved into the cyber domain as part of hybrid warfare, demanding a reinterpretation of the Sishankamrata (Total People's Defense and Security System) doctrine to encompass the digital realm. This study aims to analyze the integration of cyber defense into the Sishankamrata framework using a literature review and comparative analysis with the cyber defense strategies of the United States, Estonia, and Singapore. The results indicate that the implementation of Sishankamrata in the cyber domain faces challenges regarding inter-institutional synergy and unclear operational roles for the Reserve and Support Components. Based on the comparative analysis, Estonia's Cyber Defence Unit model and Singapore's Digital Defence pillar are identified as the most effective blueprints for Indonesia to mobilize civilian experts and enhance social resilience. This study recommends that the government formalize "Digital Defense" as an integral pillar of Sishankamrata, establish a Cyber Reserve Component consisting of expert civilian volunteers, and strengthen legal frameworks and public digital literacy as a form of state defense

This research is motivated by the importance of preserving the authenticity of the Qur’an as the primary source of Islamic teachings and law, which serves as the foundation for legal certainty within the Islamic Family Law system. Historical records show that the codification process of the Qur’an carried out by Zaid bin Tsabit during the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Uthman bin Affan played a crucial role in ensuring the integrity and uniformity of the revealed text, thereby having significant implications for the validity of Islamic legal arguments. This study aims to critically analyze the role of Zaid bin Tsabit in the Qur’anic codification process and its implications for the certainty of the textual basis (nash) in Islamic family law. Using a qualitative method with a historical-normative approach, this research combines chronological and normative analyses of primary sources such as the works of as-Suyuthi and az-Zarkasyi, as well as secondary sources in relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the codification process of the Qur’an holds not only historical value but also juridical significance, as it ensures the authenticity of the text as the foundation of Islamic law. Therefore, integrating historical and normative aspects is essential to maintaining the authority of Islamic legal sources in the contemporary era.

This study analyzes the urgency of digital expert testimony in strengthening the validity of electronic evidence in civil procedure law amid rapid technological transformation. The increasing use of digital communications, electronic transactions, and online documentation has given rise to new evidence in civil disputes, while its intangible and easily manipulated nature raises doubts about its authenticity and reliability. This study will focus on Decision Number 439 B/Pdt.Sus-Arbt/2016. The study relies on primary legal sources, legislation, court decisions, and secondary legal literature analyzed qualitatively. The findings show that electronic evidence is legally admissible when it meets the requirements of accessibility, integrity, authenticity, and accountability, but its probative value is highly dependent on technical validation. In the case analyzed, the petitioner's challenge to print the chat evidence was rejected because the allegations of manipulation were unsubstantiated and no expert testimony was presented to support the claim. This shows that expert testimony plays a decisive role in explaining technical aspects beyond the knowledge of the court and in strengthening the court's conviction. This study concludes that digital experts serve as a bridge between technological complexity and legal assessment, ensuring that digital evidence is evaluated objectively. The implication for courts and related parties is must prioritize the involvement of experts to promote legal certainty, factual truth, and fair dispute resolution.

This research examines criminal law policy in handling special narcotics crimes and their social impacts on Indonesian society. Narcotics crime constitutes an extraordinary crime that threatens public health, security, and social resilience. Therefore, the state implements criminal law policies through penal and non-penal approaches regulated in statutory provisions, particularly the Narcotics Law. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies in combating narcotics crimes and to examine the social impacts arising from the implementation of such policies. The research method used is normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that criminal law policies in narcotics control still face various challenges, including ineffective law enforcement, prison overcapacity, and social stigma against narcotics users. The social impacts are not only experienced by offenders but also affect families and the wider community. Consequently, criminal law policies that prioritize restorative justice, rehabilitation, and preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce negative social impacts and to ensure sustainable protection for society in Indonesia.

Environmental cleanliness is a critical factor in the effective management of nature-based tourist destinations, as it strongly shapes tourists’ perceptions of destination quality, comfort, and overall attractiveness, as well as their intention to visit and revisit. This study aims to examine the extent to which environmental cleanliness influences tourists’ visit intention in the Harau Valley tourism area (Lembah Harau), Kanagarian Tarantang, Harau District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The research employed a quantitative survey method by distributing structured questionnaires to 50 tourists during their visit to Lembah Harau. The variables measured include tourists’ perceptions of environmental cleanliness, such as waste management practices, sanitation conditions, and the availability of waste disposal facilities, as well as visit intention indicators, including intention to return and willingness to recommend the destination to others. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining a clean environment to enhance tourists’ positive behavioral intentions. The implications of these findings suggest that destination managers and local government authorities should consistently enforce cleanliness policies, strengthen integrated waste management systems, and provide adequate sanitation facilities to enhance the attractiveness of Lembah Harau and support sustainable tourism development, without neglecting the need for continuous monitoring, evaluation, and improvement in these areas.

This study aims to describe and analyze the communication strategy of the General Affairs (GA) Division of PT The UNV Serang in managing work relationships with outsourced workers from PT Tri Karya Cemerlang (TKC). Using a qualitative approach and in-depth interview methods, this study found that the GA Division implemented a structured and effective communication strategy, reflecting a deep understanding of Communication Strategy Theory, Organizational Communication, and Communication Management. The strategy involved thorough planning, flexible implementation, and continuous evaluation. The GA Division used various communication channels such as WhatsApp groups, weekly face-to-face meetings, and the use of visual media (photos/videos) to ensure clear and directed communication. This multi-channel approach facilitated timely and accurate information flow between departments and outsourced workers. Additionally, the GA Division positioned itself as a "communication bridge," centralizing coordination for all departments and ensuring smooth operational processes. The communication pattern employed was an effective combination of formal, hierarchical communication and informal, personal communication. This combination served to strengthen relationships, foster mutual understanding, and promote a collaborative work environment. The study highlights the importance of a strategic and adaptable communication framework that ensures seamless coordination, promotes positive work relationships, and contributes to organizational success. This research can serve as a reference for improving communication strategies in similar organizational settings.

This study aims to determine the representation of the father's role as a single parent in the short film "Mana Janji Ayah." The study used a qualitative method with Roland Barthes's semiotic analysis focusing on three layers of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth. The analysis was conducted on scenes depicting the father's role, including as protector, patient, breadwinner, caretaker, and bringer of happiness to children. The results show that the representation of fathers is not limited to financial functions but also encompasses emotional and moral roles, such as affection, responsibility, and sacrifice in raising children. The film depicts a single father who works as a bajaj driver to support his children after the death of his wife, despite often facing economic constraints and environmental stigma. This representation is conveyed through visual and audio cues that reinforce the message of a father's struggle and sincerity. This study confirms that film can be a medium that reflects social reality, particularly the complexity of the role of single fathers, which is often overlooked in society.

This study aims to determine the role of public relations in the socialization of the functions and duties of the high state institution, DPD RI, and to identify the obstacles faced by public relations in this process. This research also examines the use of media and facilities for socializing the tagline "From the Regions for Indonesia" on the 16th anniversary of the DPD RI. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, the findings show that public relations plays six key roles: 1) Communicator, bridging two-way communication between the government and the community; 2) Facilitator, absorbing community aspirations and acting as a liaison with policymakers; 3) Disseminator, disseminating information on government policies and activities to both internal and external audiences; 4) Catalyst, influencing public opinion to align with government policies; 5) Counselor, Advisor, and Interpreter, providing advice, translating government policies, and building public trust; and 6) Prescriber, serving as a strategic advisor to leaders in decision-making.

The development of digital technology has fundamentally changed political communication patterns, especially among Generation Z who grew up in a social media ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the influence of political campaigns through Instagram on changes in political attitudes of students at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at Bina Bangsa University. This study uses an explanatory quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through a survey using a closed questionnaire, which was distributed to 100 respondents. Data were analyzed using a simple linear regression test with the help of SPSS software version 25. The results of the study indicate that political campaigns on Instagram have a significant influence on changes in students' political attitudes. The dimensions of attitudes influenced include attention to issues, understanding of political messages, and acceptance of certain ideas or figures. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that credible, relevant, and communicative digital campaigns have great potential in shaping the political orientation of Generation Z. Therefore, adaptive communication strategies are needed as well as strengthening political and digital literacy among students to encourage more critical and responsible political engagement.

This study aims to uncover, analyze, and document the cultural values embodied in the paca or belis tradition in Manggarai community weddings in Golo Wangkung Village, Congkar District, East Manggarai Regency. The belis tradition is understood as an important element in wedding customs that symbolizes the groom's family's respect for the bride's family for their services in raising and educating their daughter until she is ready to start a household. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, utilizing data collection techniques through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, the bridal couple, and local residents, as well as documentation of the traditional procession. The results show that belis not only contains economic value through the provision of material or livestock, but is also full of social, cultural, and spiritual meaning. The main values identified include respect for parents and ancestors, the responsibility of the groom's family for the continuity of family relationships, strengthening social ties between two extended families, and a symbol of the legitimacy of marriage according to Manggarai customs. The belis tradition also functions as a mechanism to maintain harmonious relationships between families and strengthen social networks within the community. Furthermore, this tradition plays a strategic role in maintaining local cultural identity amidst modernization and changing social values. However, challenges arise when the economic value of belis experiences inflation or a shift in meaning, potentially triggering financial burdens and conflict. Therefore, preserving the belis tradition requires adjustments to its values and implementation mechanisms to maintain its relevance, without losing the essence of respect and togetherness that are at the heart of Manggarai culture. This research makes an important contribution to the documentation and preservation of cultural heritage, and serves as a reference for local governments, traditional leaders, and the community in maintaining the sustainability of the paca or belis tradition.

People's Business Credit (KUR) is a financing program distributed by the government through banking institutions, including Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), to support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and cooperatives. In its implementation, KUR credit is not free from various problems, one of which is non-performing loans. This study aims to determine the factors causing non-performing loans and efforts to resolve them in KUR loans at Bank BRI Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit. The method used in this study is qualitative research, with data sources derived from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques were conducted through direct interviews with relevant parties. The results show that the main causes of non-performing loans are divided into two major factors. First, external factors, namely those originating from the customer. This problem is generally related to the customer's inability to pay installments due to business failure. Second, internal factors, such as the failure of creditworthiness analysis by bank officers, resulting in prospective debtors who are actually unworthy actually receiving loans. In resolving non-performing loans, BRI Bank's Karanganyar Branch, Tasikmadu Unit, applies five main methods: (1) changing the loan interest rate, (2) reducing fines or penalties, (3) reducing the outstanding principal, (4) extending the loan term, and (5) selling collateral. Additionally, there are also settlement methods that involve a combination of these five methods, depending on the debtor's circumstances and the agreement between the two parties.

The global economic crisis has prompted developing countries, including the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), to strengthen cooperation in creating a multipolar economic order as a form of resistance to Western domination. Mass media plays a crucial role in framing this dynamic. This study aims to examine how The Jakarta Post constructs the BRICS narrative through three main dimensions in Vincent Mosco's Political Economy of Communication theory: commodification, spatialization, and structuring. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques in the form of documentation and analysis of news published in The Jakarta Post between June 18, 2024, and January 31, 2025. Data were categorized based on the type of information and main themes, then analyzed using Mosco's theoretical concepts. The results show that the commodification process occurs when geopolitical issues, such as Indonesia's opportunity to join BRICS, are transformed into media commodities appealing to elite readers and strategic economic actors. This practice also involves the contribution of experts, but often without equitable compensation. Spatialization is reflected in the real-time distribution of digital content that transcends geographical and temporal boundaries, strengthening the penetration of BRICS discourse into the international public sphere. Structuralization emerges in the narrative of building a new world order through BRICS agendas such as dedollarization, technological integration, and alternative payment systems, although it remains overshadowed by the dominance of Western financial institutions. Thus, media coverage not only represents geopolitical dynamics but also transforms strategic issues into information products with economic value, while revealing the tension between the aspirations of developing countries and established global hegemony.