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The implementation of local democracy in Indonesia faces challenges when the electoral and procedural mechanisms regulated in modern village administration are not fully in line with the socio-cultural traditions of indigenous communities. Many villages still strongly uphold the values, norms, and authority of traditional institutions that have historically regulated communal life, including in terms of leadership legitimacy. Tension between formal democracy and customary values arises when the village political process is perceived as not reflecting the cultural identity of the community. This situation creates a need to understand how the integration of customary institutions can strengthen the legitimacy of village leaders in the local democratic system. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach because the study focuses on the concept of the role of customary institutions in strengthening local democracy and the legitimacy of village leadership. This method allows researchers to explore theories and compare previous findings to form a systematic understanding. The research data comes from 19 secondary sources in the form of scientific books and journal articles published between 2016 and 2025 that are relevant to the themes of customs, village governance, community participation, and local leadership. The search was conducted using the Publish or Perish application with purposive sampling techniques to select sources directly related to the main research issue. This study concludes that the integration of traditional institutions into local democracy produces a model of village leadership that is legally strong and culturally rooted. This integration provides a basis for strengthening local democracy based on cultural wisdom, thereby supporting village development.

One of the long-standing marriage traditions in the Ende community is the ana ale marriage tradition. Ana ale marriage is a form of marriage based on an agreement between the parents of the man and woman, as well as a long-established good relationship between both parents. This research was conducted in Tiwu Tewa Village, Ende Timur District, Ende Regency. This research aims to understand the fundamental values contained in marriage as viewed from customary law, the process of implementation and its legitimacy, as well as the obstacles in the implementation of the ana ale marriage. The method used is empirical legal research with a qualitative approach, which includes interviews and literature study. The research results show that the fundamental values contained in the ana ale marriage, as viewed from customary law, consist of sacred and spiritual values, responsibility and commitment values, social and mutual assistance values, and adherence to customs. The process of implementing the ana ale marriage includes Ru’u Tu Jaga Rara, Janji, Puzi Ru’u, Teo Zambu, Bou Engga, Mai Tu Gega Padha, Tu Ngawi, Teke Ngara, Dari Nikah, Tu Ana. Meanwhile, the marriage is considered valid at the Tu Ana ceremony. The obstacles faced in the ana ale marriage include economic factors and the occurrence of clandestine marriages by the female party.

This study aims to identify and analyze customary and criminal sanctions imposed on individuals who violate Hinting Pali during the Tiwah ceremony, as well as the legal and customary consequences for those engaged in gambling within the ritual process. The research employs an empirical approach with a qualitative descriptive method through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The focus of this study is the implementation of Dayak Ngaju customary law in addressing violations that occur during the Tiwah ceremony. The findings reveal that Dayak Ngaju customary law plays a crucial role in maintaining social and spiritual harmony by enforcing moral, social, and symbolic sanctions. Furthermore, there is a point of convergence between customary law and national criminal law in promoting justice and social order. This study is expected to contribute academically to the development of customary law in Indonesia and serve as a valuable reference for communities, scholars, and policymakers in preserving cultural values and ensuring fair law enforcement within the framework of local wisdom.

The background of this research aims to determine and analyze judges' perspectives on the application of customary law in resolving criminal cases at the Padangsidimpuan District Court. Customary law is an unwritten legal system that exists and develops within society and is often used as a consideration in deciding cases related to local values ​​and cultural wisdom. In the context of Padangsidimpuan society, which still strongly upholds customs and traditions, customary law often serves as a means of resolving social conflicts before they enter the formal legal realm. The research method used is empirical juridical, with data collection techniques through direct interviews with judges and document studies of several relevant court decisions. The results indicate that most judges at the Padangsidimpuan District Court view customary law as a complementary instrument to positive law, particularly in minor criminal cases with social and familial dimensions. Judges strive to consider customary values ​​to achieve substantive justice, without neglecting the principle of legality and statutory provisions. However, the application of customary law cannot replace positive law in its entirety; rather, it serves as a moral and social value that strengthens the community's sense of justice.

This study aims to analyze the role and optimization strategies of Pecalang Segara in monitoring fishing activities that contribute to coral reef ecosystem degradation in the Traditional Village of Pemuteran, North Bali. Pecalang Segara is a customary security institution that holds social legitimacy and customary authority in maintaining order within coastal areas. This research applies an empirical legal approach using a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with customary leaders and coastal communities, and a literature review of environmental laws and related regulations. The findings indicate that Pecalang Segara plays a strategic role in supervising fishing activities based on local wisdom, particularly in preventing destructive fishing practices that damage coral reefs. However, the effectiveness of this role remains limited due to insufficient technical capacity, low environmental legal awareness, and weak integration between customary law and formal legal systems. The study highlights the importance of strengthening Pecalang Segara through environmental education, regulatory-based monitoring training, and institutional coordination with local government authorities. The integration of customary law and national environmental law is expected to establish a sustainable community-based marine monitoring model capable of effectively protecting coral reef ecosystems and supporting environmental governance in coastal areas.

This study aims to understand the meaning and symbolism of the saur matua ceremony performed by the Batak Toba community, as well as to explore how this tradition reflects the cultural values ​​of the Batak community, such as hamoraon (wealth), hagabeon (many descendants), and hasangapon (honor). The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Interviews were conducted with informants who are experienced in carrying out the saur matua ceremony, as well as literature studies relevant to the research topic. The collected data were analyzed thematically, to identify the main elements in the saur matua ceremony and understand its meaning in the context of the social and cultural life of the Batak Toba. The results of the study show that the saur matua ceremony is not just a death ritual, but a celebration of a person's success in life. Death is seen as an achievement, where the deceased is considered to have succeeded in fulfilling customary expectations in social, material, and descendant aspects. This ceremony reflects a view of life that values ​​honor and kinship, and provides a new meaning to a joyful death.

This study analyzes factors that influence this understanding and perception, such as education level, family environment, media influence, personal experience, and involvement in daily customary life. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation in order to gain a deeper understanding of the young generation of Toba Batak towards customary divorce law. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the understanding of the young generation towards the customary divorce process, the role of the family, and the factors that influence their views. This study discusses the perception and understanding of the young generation of Toba Batak towards customary divorce law amidst the influence of modernization. Through the understanding and perception of the young generation towards customary divorce law, this study attempts to provide an overview of the relevance of the young generation of Toba Batak towards customary divorce law. The results of the study show that although most still respect customs and the value of family deliberation, there are doubts about customary justice, especially regarding the position of women. The young generation tends to support the preservation of customs, but hopes for adjustments to be fairer and in accordance with the times. The results of the study are expected to be input for traditional leaders and the government in designing targeted cultural preservation policies.

This study is entitled "The Role of Parboru and Hula-Hula in the Settlement of Divorce Disputes in Batak Toba Customs". The main focus of this study is to analyze the role and position of Parboru (the woman's family) and Hula-Hula (the wife's family) in the divorce settlement process according to Batak Toba customs. This study also presents the dynamics of the interaction of the two elements in customary mediation, as well as how customary values ​​and norms are implemented to maintain the harmony and dignity of the extended family. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data obtained through interviews and library studies of relevant literature on Batak Toba customary law, Dalihan Na Tolu, and the role of Parboru and Hula-Hula in traditional ceremonies and the resolution of marital conflicts in Batak Toba customs. The results of the study indicate that Hula-Hula has a central position as a decision maker and mediator, while Parboru plays a role as a technical implementer, mediator, and balancer in the customary deliberation forum. The active involvement of both parties is very important to ensure that the divorce process runs according to customary norms and maintains the social harmony of the Batak Toba community. This study is expected to enrich the literature on Batak customary law and become a reference for students, the community, and customary leaders in understanding the importance of the role of kinship in resolving divorce.

Central Aceh is one of the Regencies located in the center of the Province of Aceh which is dubbed as the Gayo plateau region, Aceh is a province in Indonesia that applies customary law in settling cases or disputes in the community through the Sarak Opat Kampung Customary Court, as regulated in The Aceh Qanun number 9 of 2008 concerning the Development of Customs and Customs was later reinforced by Governor Regulation Number 60 of 2013 concerning the Implementation of Customary and Customary Dispute / Dispute Settlement.This study aims to describe the function and authority and find out the procedures for implementing Customary Courts by Sarak Opat in Central Aceh District, then to find out the invoices that constrain Sarak Opat in carrying out customary justice and to find formulations that are obstacles in the implementation of adat justice in Aceh District The middle.This study uses empirical juridical research methods with research sites in Central Aceh District using secondary, primary and tertiary data, then the research data is collected through literature, interviews and observations. From the results of the data are further arranged descriptively analysis.

Article 1 point 5 of Law Number 6 of 2014 defines a village as a legal community unit with the right to its origin. In its implementation, the village government may facilitate the establishment of traditional village institutions (LAD), which function to preserve customs and serve as partners in village governance. Todo Village in Manggarai Regency continues to uphold its traditional values through a functioning customary institution that plays a role as a stakeholder. However, modernization often creates tension between traditional values and modern societal demands. This research is a normative legal study supported by empirical data. The data were analyzed using a juridical-descriptive qualitative method, obtained through field research and other sources.The findings show that the traditional institution in Todo Village has adopted a more modern and administrative structure without losing its core functions in preserving local customs. It maintains a constructive partnership with the village government while each operates independently. Strengthening efforts include providing infrastructure, allocating village funds for traditional house maintenance, and establishing customary organizations to support development. However, challenges remain, especially due to the lack of specific regulations and the fact that Todo has not yet been officially designated as a customary village.

Customary land is an integral part of the identity and survival of customary law communities, including in the Kampar region, Riau Province. However, along with increasing investment and development, there have been various forms of takeover of customary land rights that have triggered disputes between customary communities and third parties, such as private companies and the government. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving disputes over the takeover of customary land rights in the Kampar region using customary law and national law approaches. The method used is a combination of normative and empirical juridical, data obtained through legal document studies, interviews with authorized local customary leaders. The results of the study show that customary communities in Kampar still rely on customary resolution mechanisms. Meanwhile, in resolving litigation, they often experience administrative and economic obstacles, while non-litigation channels such as multistakeholder mediation and administrative recognition by the local government are more effective if supported by policies that support them. In conclusion, synergy between customary law and national law is absolutely necessary to create fair protection for the rights of indigenous peoples, and it is hoped that there will be strengthening of customary institutions, acceleration of recognition of customary areas through regional regulations, and preparation of integrated mechanisms for resolving disputes based on local culture and national legal certainty.

This study aims to find out the process of applying customary law sanctions of Wunis Peheng in resolving the criminal act of persecution committed by police and TNI personnel against a resident in Golo Poleng village, Ndoso District, West Manggarai Regency. In addition, it also aims to find out whether the customary sanction of Wunis Peheng in resolving the crime of persecution can provide a sense of justice for residents. This research is categorized as empirical juridical research. The empirical juridical approach aims to analyze problems using legal materials related to problems that occur in the field. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data that is processed and analyzed based on the formulation of the problem that has been determined is then presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this study show that there are several stages in the process of applying customary sanctions of wunis peheng in the settlement of criminal acts of persecution, namely reporting cases of persecution to Tu'a Golo, summoning the parties involved in the persecution case, examination and verdicts of customary institutions, handing over Wunis Peheng from the perpetrator, Saying Traditional Prayers, Slaughtering ela (pigs). And several dimensions of justice in the provision of customary law sanctions, namely the rights of victims are fulfilled, restorative justice, and active participation of the community.  

Adat pernikahan dalam budaya Melayu terkesan rumit  karena banyak tahapan yang harus dilalui. Kerumitan tersebut muncul karena pernikahan dalam pandangan Melayu harus mendapat restu dari kedua orang tua serta harus mendapat pengakuan yang resmi dari tetangga maupun masyarakat. Bukan sebatas pandangan rumit, namun ada juga kalangan berpendapat, ada melayu unik dan sangat menarik.Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang nilia-nilai tradisi pada upacara Tepuk Tepung Tawar perkawinan adat Melayu di Desa Labusel. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Labusel yang bersuku Melayu. sedangkan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah  orang dari kalangan masyarakat. hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menyarankan kepada masyarakat Melayu agar selalu mempertahankan tradisi Tepuk Tepung Tawar pada perkawinan adat Melayu karena nilai-nilai yang terdapat Tepuk Tepung Tawar merupakan salah satu tradisi yang terdapat di dalam adat perkawinan Melayu di Desa Labusel. Berdasarkan pada tradisi tepuk tepung tawar sangat banyak dan menjadi acuan dalam bermasyarakat dan juga berkeluarga. Penulis juga berharap penelitian ini dapat menjadikan motivasi bagi peneliti selanjutnya mengenai tradisi Tepuk Tepung Tawar yang lebih luas lagi.    

Local wisdom atau disebut dengan kearifan lokal yang merupakan cara atau suatu kegitan yang sedang di lakukan masyarakat pada daerah tertentu mengenai suatu pemahahan yang sangat mendalam mengenai suatu pengetahuan mengenai bagaimana asal mula dari suatu tempat tinggal yang sedang di tempati sekitar dan memiliki perkembangan Local wisdom atau kearifan lokal adalah cara atau praktik yang dilakukan masyarakat di daerah tertentu tentang pemahaman mendalam mereka yang berasal dari lingkungan sekitar dan dikembangkan oleh warga setempat secara turun temurun. Kearifan local muncul dari dalam mereka sendiri dan dikembangkan selama beberapa generasi dan tertanam dalam diri masyarakat. Kearifan local merupakan warisan nenek moyang yang menyatu dengan religi, budaya dan adat istiadat.namun sekaran kearifan local sudah mulai memudar karena masyarakat modern menganggap bahwa kehidupan modern lebih baik. Oleh karena iitu literatur ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang kearifan lokal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu sistematik literature review yang didapat dari hasil review dari beberapa sumber artikel.