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The Great Mosque of Banten is a historical heritage that reflects cultural acculturation and the glory of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago. This study aims to analyze the forms of collaboration between the government, local communities, and site managers in preserving the Great Mosque of Banten using the Collaborative Governance theory by Ansell and Gash (2007). A descriptive qualitative approach was applied through interviews, field observations, and document studies conducted in the Great Mosque area. The findings reveal that collaboration among stakeholders has not yet reached optimal levels due to limited communication, trust gaps, and conflicting interests. Nevertheless, functional cooperation has emerged through joint activities in sanitation, security, and tour guide training. Based on the five indicators of the collaborative process, direct communication (face to face dialogue) and trust building remain major challenges, while shared understanding between government agencies, the foundation, and the community has begun to develop. This study highlights the importance of sustainable collaborative governance in preserving the religious, historical, and social values of the Great Mosque of Banten while supporting the welfare of the surrounding community.  

This paper reviews the dynamics of cybersecurity in Indonesia, focusing on the role of the Indonesian National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN) in Indonesia’s cybersecurity architecture. The conceptual framework used is cyber security to analyze cybersecurity phenomena in Indonesia and multi-level cybersecurity governance as a tool for analyzing the role of BSSN in the field of cybersecurity. A descriptive qualitative approach is the main methodological approach in this study. With this approach, this study attempts to describe the role of BSSN in Indonesia’s cybersecurity architecture. Data collection was carried out through a literature study obtained from BSSN’s main documents, official reports, and related journal articles. The findings show that BSSN has a strategic role in Indonesian cybersecurity. This strategic role is demonstrated by BSSN’s various achievement in cybersecurity, such as the drafting of a national cybersecurity bill, the development of human resources capacity in the cyber field and the establishment of cooperation with various parties, both domestically and internationally.

Businesses build trademarks to promote products or services while maintaining their reputation and competitiveness. However, the practice of using well-known brands without the license owner's permission is still found. The case of counterfeiting the Arc'teryx brand by PT ATX Asia Sport Products demonstrates a violation of the exclusive rights of the brand owner. This study aims to analyze law enforcement against the circulation of counterfeit Arc'teryx products in Bali based on Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications and review the role of the TRIPs Agreement in protecting brands in Indonesia. The method used is normative with a literature review of laws, books, journals, and literature related to unauthorized trademark infringement. The results show that the use of the Arc'teryx brand without official permission confirms the weak supervision and law enforcement of foreign brands that have not been registered in Indonesia. Although the first-to-file system applies, Indonesia still provides legal protection for foreign brands through its membership in the Paris Convention and the TRIPs Agreement. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen the role of the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights (DJKI), the Commercial Court, and increase public legal awareness to prevent trademark infringement and create legal certainty for rights owners and consumers.

This study aims to analyze the role of communication in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems in creating customer satisfaction at PT Bangkit Jaya Teknik Indonesia, a business-to-business (B2B) cold storage installation service company. The research background lies in the increasing number of customer complaints during 2022–2024, mainly due to delayed responses, suboptimal after-sales service, and the absence of a centralized communication record system. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews with internal parties (marketing project, project manager, project PIC) and customers, as well as company archival documentation. The findings reveal that responsive, open, and two-way communication plays a significant role in enhancing customers’ sense of being valued, trust, and loyalty, which ultimately fosters satisfaction. However, communication barriers such as delays in after-sales service, gaps between customer expectations and company procedures, and the lack of a communication database remain major challenges. To overcome these, the company has initiated strategies including the development of a customer communication database, improved after-sales monitoring, and the adjustment of communication standard operating procedures to align with customer needs. These results reinforce the relevance of Relationship Management theory and the IDIC model, both of which emphasize communication as the core of CRM. Theoretically, this study contributes to organizational communication studies, while practically, it provides recommendations for B2B service companies to prioritize communication in CRM strategies to strengthen customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) play a crucial role in creating consistency, efficiency, and accountability in governance. However, the process of developing SOPs within the bureaucracy often faces complex organizational communication challenges. This study aims to analyze the organizational communication process in developing SOPs at the Serang City Regional Inspectorate, focusing on the role of the Secretariat as the administrative coordination center. The method used was a qualitative case study approach, involving in-depth interviews with key informants, observation, and documentation analysis. The results indicate that organizational communication plays a crucial role in every stage of SOP development, from data collection and drafting, to cross-sector coordination, and document finalization. The Secretariat acts as a liaison between units, archives manager, and coordination meeting facilitator. However, obstacles identified include a top-down vertical communication pattern, differing perceptions between units, delays in information flow due to bureaucracy, and limited technology-based communication tools. Improvements were made through the establishment of cross-unit forums, communication training, and the use of online applications to strengthen two-way communication. The implications of this research indicate that increasing the effectiveness of organizational communication is a key factor in accelerating the process of preparing SOPs and supporting the creation of more responsive, efficient, and accountable governance.

This study examines the practice of reciprocity within the persatuan barang (goods-sharing) group during the implementation of the rewang tradition in Desa Banglas, Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti. The main focus of the research is to identify the various forms of exchange that occur, whether in the form of money, goods, or labor. A narrative qualitative approach was used, with data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, archival review, and documentation of bookkeeping records. The subjects of this research are members of the persatuan barang group who actively participate in social and cultural events in the village. The findings reveal three types of reciprocity: generalized, balanced, and negative. Generalized reciprocity is evident in voluntary contributions without expecting immediate return, often practiced among close kin or neighbors. Balanced reciprocity is demonstrated through exchanges of equal value with a certain expectation of timely return, particularly during communal events like weddings or funerals. Negative reciprocity, although rare, involves unequal exchanges that may lead to social tensions or perceptions of unfairness. These findings indicate that the persatuan barang group functions not only as an informal economic mechanism but also as a cultural institution that fosters mutual assistance, reinforces social cohesion, and preserves traditional values. The exchange systems operate within an implicit moral economy that prioritizes collective welfare over individual gain. Additionally, the tradition of rewang and the organizational role of persatuan barang highlight the resilience and adaptability of indigenous practices in supporting rural livelihoods amid changing socioeconomic conditions. The study suggests that such local systems of reciprocity play a vital role in sustaining social capital, strengthening community identity, and ensuring social security in the absence of formal welfare structures. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of these practices on community resilience and rural development.  

This study aims to explore and examine the leadership model based on local values ​​that have developed in various regions of the archipelago, as well as its relevance in contemporary leadership practices. Indonesia as a country with high cultural diversity holds many traditional leadership value legacies, such as deliberation, mutual cooperation, and the principle of balance between individual and collective interests. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study analyzes various traditional leadership practices from several regions such as Java, Bali, Minangkabau, and Bugis-Makassar, then identifies the main elements that can be integrated into modern leadership styles in both the public and private sectors. The results of the study indicate that local values ​​not only enrich existing leadership models, but are also able to strengthen the legitimacy, ethics, and effectiveness of leadership in an increasingly complex social context. This study recommends the development of a hybrid leadership model that combines local wisdom with global demands, as an adaptive solution in facing the dynamics of changing times.

The formation of the Saber Pungli Task Force was carried out as a firm and real step by the government to restore public trust, so that through Presidential Regulation Number 87 of 2016 concerning the Clean Sweep Task Force for Illegal Levies, all city areas in Indonesia formed the task force to eradicate and enforce the law. This type of research is empirical. After the data is obtained, the researcher will group the data based on the data source and analyze it to get answers to the formulation of the problem in this study. The results of the study show that the Clean Sweep Task Force for Illegal Levies (Satgas Saber Pungli) was formed with the aim of eradicating the practice of illegal levies that occur in various public service sectors in Indonesia, and the Clean Sweep Task Force for Illegal Levies at Tenau Port involves various activities aimed at overcoming and preventing the practice of illegal levies in various public service sectors to create a public service system that is free from extortion and increase public trust in public services. In its implementation, various inhibiting factors are still encountered, namely the weak performance of the task force in the field, aspects of facilities and infrastructure such as the low reporting channels that are friendly and easily accessible to the public, and the budget which is still a real challenge in implementing the Saber Pungli Task Force function, especially in areas such as East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT) which has geographical characteristics as an archipelago.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) acts as the main institution in regulating the global trading system based on the principles of fairness and openness. However, in practice, protectionist challenges arising from large countries, such as in the trade conflict between the United States and China, hamper economic liberalization efforts and create instability in the global market. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the WTO's role in facing these protectionism challenges. The method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach, which includes analysis of WTO regulations and policies, as well as a comparative approach to examine the impact of protectionism in several countries. Data were obtained through literature study of academic sources and relevant international legal documents. The results show that policy harmonization between the WTO and its member countries is needed to maintain the stability of the multilateral trading system. In addition, reforms to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism are crucial to make it more adaptive to global geopolitical dynamics. Developing countries are advised to improve competitiveness through market diversification and strengthening economic diplomacy to remain relevant in the changing international trade architecture.

This research aims to evaluate the Tanjungpinang City Environmental Service's policy towards preventing Tanjungpinang City Landfill Waste. Tanjungpinang City is the capital of the Riau Islands province which will be used as a tourist city in the Riau Islands. However, to make this happen, one of the tasks of the Tanjung Pinang city government is to solve the waste problem in the city of Tanjung Pinang, especially the old city of Tanjung Pinang, which is a slum area that has the largest area among other slum settlements in Tanjung Pinang. The research method uses a descriptive approach which is a method that used to describe a phenomenon or event by relying on data and facts found in the field. The purpose of qualitative research with a descriptive approach is to explain and describe phenomena and their characteristics, as well as having a greater tendency towards how it is implemented or the reasons why something happens. The results of the research show that evaluation is very important so that steps are taken so that the policies made are not arbitrary. -To do this, there must be an appropriate regulatory basis in order to get maximum results because sea cleanliness is the main milestone in the Riau Archipelago, where almost 100% of the Riau Archipelago is sea and is a maritime area, therefore the importance of awareness by both the public and the government so that the economy which is based on the needs of communities in coastal areas and small islands as an effort to empower communities to increase community participation and capacity in coastal and small island management, especially in the field of dealing with coastal and marine waste pollution.  

Macao's judicial system is rooted in the Portuguese judicial system (including Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands, all of which are rooted in the French judicial system), namely the inquisitor or non adversarial type of judiciary. is the term Magistrate is used in various systems of government and statutes to refer to the civil officers who administer the law. Both Indonesia and Macau adhere to the European continental legal system. However, in the role of the Prosecutor's Office and the Prosecutor's Office have differences and similarities in the implementation of their duties, functions and obligations. With this study of the role of the Prosecutor's Office, it is hoped that it can provide inspiration for the Attorney General's Office in Indonesia so that it can correct existing deficiencies. This research is a normative research (normative approach), that is, besides relying on normative research, the law is also coupled with a theoretical approach. Furthermore, in analyzing the data, a qualitative approach was used and it was also based on library-based studies, which means that the materials needed for research must be available in libraries, archives and databases, laws and other documents.