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The development of Islamic political thought cannot be separated from the historical context and social dynamics surrounding it. One significant period that influenced the direction of this thought is the era of Western colonialism in the 19th to early 20th centuries. During this period, much of the Islamic world was under Western colonial rule, which had a profound impact on the social, political, and intellectual conditions of Muslims. Within the Muslim community itself, various internal issues related to religious understanding arose, causing difficulties in facing the dominance and hegemony of the West. Islamic political thought became one of the fields of study in political science, which is not only relevant today but also gained attention during the classical Islamic period. This study is highly significant, both in the development of knowledge and as a framework for political practice. Therefore, it is important to study Islamic political thought, as it provides deep insights into political dynamics and Islam’s contribution to shaping existing political systems, as well as offering perspectives that are useful in facing contemporary global challenges.

Modernization, a global phenomenon, significantly impacts religious life, challenging religions to maintain their relevance amidst rapid social changes. This study aims to examine how religion, particularly Islam, can transform without losing its traditional essence, and to map the dynamics between tradition and modernity in religious practice. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach and library research methods, data were collected through literature review and analyzed thematically.The findings reveal a tension between tradition, perceived as a sacred heritage, and modernity, often suspected of introducing secular values. However, modernization also offers opportunities for religion to adapt through innovative outreach and reinterpretation of teachings. It is found that reinterpretation of religious teachings is crucial for contextual relevance, refreshing the understanding of universal values without altering the core doctrines. Furthermore, religion is not merely an object of modernization but also a vital actor in driving just social transformation, serving as a corrective force and an agent for civilizational development.In conclusion, religious modernization is an interactive process demanding responses from religious communities. The reinterpretation of doctrines is key to religion's ongoing relevance, and the synergy between tradition and transformation allows religion to remain pertinent and a moral guide in the globalized era.