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This research examines criminal law policy in handling special narcotics crimes and their social impacts on Indonesian society. Narcotics crime constitutes an extraordinary crime that threatens public health, security, and social resilience. Therefore, the state implements criminal law policies through penal and non-penal approaches regulated in statutory provisions, particularly the Narcotics Law. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of criminal law policies in combating narcotics crimes and to examine the social impacts arising from the implementation of such policies. The research method used is normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that criminal law policies in narcotics control still face various challenges, including ineffective law enforcement, prison overcapacity, and social stigma against narcotics users. The social impacts are not only experienced by offenders but also affect families and the wider community. Consequently, criminal law policies that prioritize restorative justice, rehabilitation, and preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce negative social impacts and to ensure sustainable protection for society in Indonesia.

This kind of research can reveal a purpose, namely to be able to carry out an analysis of the important role of the government together with the community in realizing policies to combat corruption of village funds. It is necessary to understand that village funds have been made one of the government's priority programs in order to increase the level of prosperity of rural communities and village development through the Village Law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify policy solutions provided by the government and the community to prevent corruption of village funds. This study utilizes a literature study method through a qualitative approach that can be used to assess the role of the government and the community in implementing policies to combat corruption of village funds as an effort to uphold the integrity of the village administration system. Meanwhile, the research data sources obtained came from secondary data, which included the collection of scientific journals in the last five years, reading books in the last ten years, reports in the mass media, and government regulations. The findings of this study describe that the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has identified several loopholes that are often exploited by village officials in misappropriating Village Funds. Then there were 98 cases of corruption that caused the state to lose up to Rp. 37.2 billion. This creates an urgency for the government and the community to play a role in creating village regulations that are capable of overcoming corruption of village funds.

The application of a uniform pattern in center-periphery relations is frequently entrapped in a rigidity of uniformity that neglects the sociological and historical complexities of Indonesian society. This study aims to analyze the juridical construction of asymmetric decentralization within the framework of the Pancasila Rule of Law, as well as its implications for the management of diversity and national integration. Employing a normative legal research method with conceptual and statutory approaches, this study reveals that asymmetric decentralization is not merely an administrative deviation, but rather an imperative manifestation of substantive justice and the politics of recognition towards regional particularities. Although this policy has been effective in mitigating disintegration potential in special regions such as Aceh and Papua, its implementation leaves residual issues regarding sharp disparities in authority, potential legal fragmentation, and inter-regional jealousy. This study concludes that the sustainability of special autonomy necessitates a governance reconstruction that is not solely oriented towards temporary political accommodation, but must be coherently integrated with Pancasila values. The theoretical implications of this study underscore the necessity for harmonization between national legal supremacy and the flexibility of regional autonomy to foster sustainable social cohesion within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.

This research explores the significant role of cultural institutions in overseeing and enforcing laws based on local wisdom in Indonesia, a nation characterized by its rich cultural diversity. The purpose of this study is to analyze how cultural institutions, particularly customary law bodies, can help integrate local traditions and values into the formal legal system, ensuring that laws are more reflective of and responsive to the diverse communities across the country. The study employs a normative approach with a prescriptive method to examine the challenges and opportunities of incorporating local wisdom into national law, particularly in the realm of legal oversight and dispute resolution. The research reveals that, despite constitutional recognition of customary law, its practical implementation within the national legal framework remains hindered by conflicts between customary norms and formal legal structures. Key findings suggest that strengthening the role of cultural institutions in legal processes can enhance both the legitimacy and effectiveness of the legal system, promoting social harmony and fostering justice that resonates with the local context. Ultimately, the study concludes that empowering cultural institutions is vital for creating a legal environment that respects and integrates local wisdom, which will contribute to a more inclusive, fair, and sustainable legal system in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the role and optimization strategies of Pecalang Segara in monitoring fishing activities that contribute to coral reef ecosystem degradation in the Traditional Village of Pemuteran, North Bali. Pecalang Segara is a customary security institution that holds social legitimacy and customary authority in maintaining order within coastal areas. This research applies an empirical legal approach using a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with customary leaders and coastal communities, and a literature review of environmental laws and related regulations. The findings indicate that Pecalang Segara plays a strategic role in supervising fishing activities based on local wisdom, particularly in preventing destructive fishing practices that damage coral reefs. However, the effectiveness of this role remains limited due to insufficient technical capacity, low environmental legal awareness, and weak integration between customary law and formal legal systems. The study highlights the importance of strengthening Pecalang Segara through environmental education, regulatory-based monitoring training, and institutional coordination with local government authorities. The integration of customary law and national environmental law is expected to establish a sustainable community-based marine monitoring model capable of effectively protecting coral reef ecosystems and supporting environmental governance in coastal areas.

This study examines the implementation of the Manak Salah tradition in Padang Bulia Customary Village from the perspectives of legal certainty and human rights protection. Manak Salah is a customary practice associated with the birth of opposite-sex twins, which in Balinese Hindu cosmology is considered a sacred event that may disrupt the balance between the sekala and niskala realms, thereby requiring purification rituals. Although the contemporary practice of this tradition has become more humane and no longer involves social exclusion, its regulation remains unwritten and has not been formally codified in the village’s Awig-awig (customary law). This condition creates the risk of multiple interpretations, legal uncertainty, and insufficient protection of the rights of children and affected families. This research employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, using interviews with customary leaders, field observations, and document analysis of statutory regulations and customary legal sources. The findings reveal that the absence of written norms causes the implementation of Manak Salah to rely heavily on the discretion of customary authorities, leading to potential inconsistency and normative vulnerability. This study emphasizes the urgency of codifying the Manak Salah tradition into the Awig-awig as a form of customary law reform aimed at ensuring legal certainty, strengthening institutional accountability within customary villages, and harmonizing customary law with Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2019 and fundamental human rights principles.

The informal trading of Mobile Legends: Bang Bang game accounts through social networking platforms has expanded rapidly alongside the acceleration of digital technology and the growing integration of online gaming into contemporary lifestyles, particularly among younger demographics. Game accounts characterized by high competitive rankings, exclusive virtual assets, and accumulated in-game achievements have increasingly been commodified and exchanged through social media channels such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, predominantly utilizing electronic payment instruments, including digital wallets. Despite its widespread practice, this form of transaction frequently generates legal complications, most notably in relation to consumer protection. Buyers are often exposed to substantial risks, including fraudulent representations, discrepancies between promised and actual account specifications, unauthorized resale, and the revocation of account access after payment completion. This study seeks to critically examine the legal framework governing the trading of Mobile Legends accounts and to assess the extent to which consumer protection mechanisms are afforded under Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Employing a normative juridical research design, this study applies statutory and conceptual approaches supported by the analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that consumer protection within online game account transactions remains structurally insufficient, primarily due to the absence of explicit legal recognition of digital game accounts as legally protected objects. Consequently, the study underscores the necessity of adopting progressive legal interpretation and formulating specific regulatory instruments to enhance legal certainty and ensure more effective consumer protection within the evolving landscape of digital transactions.

This study aims to analyze the supervisory strategy of the Panwascam (Central Election Supervisory Agency) of Sinjai Borong District in handling election violations in the 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections in Sinjai Regency. The study focuses on two main aspects, namely preventive strategies and repressive strategies. The research method uses a qualitative approach with case studies, through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and interactive data analysis. The results show that the Panwascam's preventive strategies include socialization of election regulations, political education, and strengthening coordination with village officials and community leaders. This strategy has been proven to increase regulatory understanding among lower-level election organizers and public political awareness, especially first-time voters. Meanwhile, the repressive strategy is implemented through violation handling mechanisms, preparing legal recommendations, and summoning perpetrators and witnesses. Based on field findings, the Panwascam successfully handled one case of violation of ASN neutrality that was recommended to the Regency Bawaslu. This study concludes that the supervision of the Sinjai Borong Panwascam is relatively effective, although it still faces limited resources, low public legal literacy, and strong local political patronage. The results of this study provide a conceptual contribution to strengthening the community-based electoral supervision model, which integrates regulatory, educational, and collaborative aspects. They also serve as practical recommendations for improving the quality of electoral democracy at the local level.

The establishment of the age limit for children up to 18 years in Indonesian law is a normative instrument that aims to ensure legal certainty and child protection. This provision is adopted in various laws and regulations as a form of the state's commitment to fulfilling children's rights. However, in law enforcement practice, the application of this age limit often causes problems when faced with the dynamics of actual cases that reveal a discrepancy between the normative age and the social, psychological, and factual conditions of the child. This condition creates tension between the legal-formal approach that emphasizes legal certainty and the need for substantive justice oriented towards the best interests of the child. This study aims to analyze the problems of applying the age limit of 18 years in the context of actual cases and to examine how the tension between legal certainty and the reality of children is reflected in law enforcement practices in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, as well as normative qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the rigid application of the age limit for children has the potential to ignore the contextual aspects of children and give rise to inconsistencies in practice. Therefore, a more contextual legal approach is needed through strengthening the discretion of law enforcement officials and progressive interpretation by judges in order to achieve substantive justice and optimal protection for children.

Social support is defined as an individual’s perception of the availability and presence of assistance derived from three primary sources, namely family, friends, and individuals considered significant others. This concept emphasizes the subjective evaluation of the quantity and quality of support perceived by individuals, rather than the actual support provided. This study aims to examine the construct validity of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) developed by Zimet et al. (1988), which has been adapted into the Indonesian language. The MSPSS instrument is designed to measure the extent to which individuals perceive social support received from family, friends, and significant others in their lives. Research participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, with inclusion criteria consisting of active university students aged between 18 and 27 years. A total of 279 students participated in this study. The research employed a quantitative approach, with data collected through an online questionnaire administered via Google Forms and distributed through various social media platforms. Data analysis was conducted using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with the assistance of Jamovi software.

This study examines the renewal of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) Baru as an effort to synchronize with the Criminal Code (KUHP) 2023, as well as analyzing crucial articles that potentially cause legal uncertainty in the criminal justice process in Indonesia. Using a juridical-normative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, this research analyzes secondary data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results show that KUHAP Baru successfully addresses some of the mismatches with KUHP 2023 through regulations on alternative punishments, corporate accountability, and protection for vulnerable groups, but still faces conceptual and technical challenges such as legislative disharmony and minimal public participation. On the other hand, crucial articles such as Articles 5, 16, 74, 90, 93, 105, 112A, 124, 132A, and 137A pose risks of legal uncertainty due to the expansion of law enforcement authority without adequate oversight, which can violate the due process principle and human rights. The study's conclusion emphasizes the need for further revisions to strengthen legal certainty and harmonize the criminal justice system.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed the economic landscape, particularly in payment systems that are shifting from conventional cash transactions to the use of Electronic Money (E-Money). E-Money has become increasingly popular due to the convenience it offers, allowing users to conduct transactions anytime and anywhere without the need to carry physical cash. As this payment innovation continues to expand, it is essential to examine whether its mechanisms comply with Islamic principles, given that the use of E-Money is closely related to the values of muamalah in Islam. This study aims to identify the underlying contractual structure (akad) governing Mandiri E-Money transactions and to assess its conformity with sharia principles. It further analyzes the potential presence of gharar, riba, or maisir within the top-up and transaction processes, as well as the sharia mitigation mechanisms that may be applied. The research employs a normative approach based on classical and contemporary Islamic legal theory, supported by observational analysis of Mandiri E-Money practices. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive method and maqashid al-shariah reasoning. The findings indicate that the use of Mandiri E-Money does not involve elements of riba, gharar, or maisir, and therefore does not deviate from sharia principles. These potential risks were examined through fiqh legal maxims and DSN-MUI fatwas to ensure comprehensive sharia compliance.

Quarter life crisis is a phase of identit, emotional, and life purpose crisis commonly experienced during early adulthood, especially when faced with pressure related to life achievements, employment, and social expectations. this study aims to describe the dynamics of quarter lufe crisis experienced by unemployed Javanese young adults. a qualitative approach using a case study method was employed to understand the participants subjective experiences. Data were collected through in depth interview with three informants aged 18-29 ears, residing in Central Java, who were currently unemployed. The findings show that these young Javanese individuals tend to experience symptoms of quarter life crisis such as anxiety about the future, feelings of worthlessness, social pressure from family and surroundings, and confusion about life direction. Moreover, the patriarchal nature of Javanese culture adds further pressure on the informants. This study concludes that the quarter life crisis among Javanese young adults has unique characteristics shaped by cultural context and socioeconomic conditions. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing more culturally contextual psychological interventions and contribute to cross cultural studies on early adulthood development.

This study aims to analyze the legal consequences arising from changes to personal data made by data subjects on the validity of collateral that has been used as security for credit, as well as to examine the forms of legal protection that may be granted to creditors. Changes to personal data such as identity, address, and the debtor’s legal status may lead to legal uncertainty regarding the validity of credit security agreements, particularly those involving Hak Tanggungan (mortgage rights). In this research, the author employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings of this study show that changes to personal data without notification or updates to the security documents have the potential to create administrative discrepancies and legal risks for creditors during the execution of the collateral. Legal protection for creditors needs to be strengthened through the regulation of the debtor’s obligation to report any changes in personal data, updates to the security certificates, and clear provisions outlined in the credit agreement. Accordingly, legal certainty between the creditor and the debtor can be maintained in line with the implementation of Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection.

The dominance of the political party elite (oligarchy) in Indonesia's representative democracy system has shifted the meaning and implementation of the constituent recall doctrine. Although Article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution affirms that sovereignty resides with the people, in practice the recall mechanism is not a constituent right, but rather the exclusive authority of political parties. This study uses a normative legal method with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative approach. The research data was obtained from primary legal materials (the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 2 of 2008 concerning Political Parties, Law Number 2 of 2011 on Amendments to Law Number 2 of 2008 on Political Parties, Law Number 7 of 2017 on General Elections,  Law Number 17 of 2014 on the MPR, DPR, DPD, DPRD (MD3), as well as secondary legal materials in the form of books, scientific journals, and opinions of constitutional law experts. The results of the study show conceptual reduction, namely the transfer of the people's right to revoke the mandate of their representatives to the parties, and categorical reduction, namely the narrowing of the function of recall to an internal party disciplinary tool. The applicable regulations, particularly MD3 Law, give excessive privileges to political parties, thereby severing the substantive relationship between representatives and constituents. This study proposes a participatory and accountable constituent recall   model, with the right of initiative in the hands of the people through public petitions, verification by an independent institution, and a final decision through a real election.

In this thesis, the researcher intends to find out the Default in the case of Default in the Sale and Purchase of Land. In this case, the buyer feels disadvantaged by the Seller who has committed an act in the case of default. This study uses a Sale and Purchase Agreement between the Seller and the Buyer with the object of Residential Land. The seller in this case is in the position of Land Owner. (developer). And the buyer in this case is in the position of buyer in the sale and purchase of the land. This study uses a normative juridical method, namely research using a case approach accompanied by the Law. There are three forms of default, namely carrying out what has been agreed, but not as agreed and carrying out what has been agreed, but late in carrying out something that according to the agreement should not be carried out. So in the case of the case entering into one form of default, namely carrying out what has been agreed but not as agreed. The occurrence of a non-compliance with the agreement between the seller and the buyer, namely in the land sale and purchase agreement, in which the initial agreement stated the land area was 20,000M2. If the certificate is broken, the land area exceeds what was agreed upon, the buyer is obliged to pay Rp. 5,000,000 to the buyer.

The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of accountability and transparency in the management of the Village Budget (APBDesa) in Sintuwulemba Village, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, is carried out. The researcher used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews as the research method. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with three key informants consisting of the village secretary, the village treasurer, and the Village Consultative Body. The research findings indicate that the Sintuwulemba village government has applied the principle of accountability in the management of village funds. This is evident from the planning, implementation, administration, and accountability processes that are open, involving the community in every process. In terms of transparency, the Sintuwulemba village government has applied the principle of transparency where every village development policy and the use of village finances always go through the village deliberation stage. These two principals have made Sintuwulemba Village one of the successful villages in implementing village development and good village fund management in Poso Regency. These steps are also those that need to be emulated by other villages in Poso Regency and its surroundings.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by the Ngurah Rai Taxi Transportation Cooperative in responding to competition in the transportation industry in the digital era. Unlike application-based transportation companies, Ngurah Rai Taxi is a local transportation service provider that does not use a booking application, but instead relies on direct marketing activities at Ngurah Rai International Airport and the use of social media as a marketing communication tool. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The research informants consist of an operational manager, field staff, a social media administrator, and taxi drivers. The findings indicate that the marketing strategy of Ngurah Rai Taxi emphasizes personal interaction, trust, and its image as an official airport taxi. Analysis using the AIDA model shows that consumer attention and interest are built through physical presence in the airport arrival area and direct communication, while desire and action are influenced by factors such as safety, fare certainty, and service comfort. This study confirms that direct service-based marketing strategies remain relevant and competitive within the context of Bali’s tourism market.

Digital transformation has become an essential approach for MSMEs to improve their operational efficiency and market competitiveness. This research investigates the acceptance of electronic payment systems among MSMEs using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to MSME respondents and analyzed using the bootstrapping technique to evaluate the significance of variable relationships. The findings reveal that Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) has a significant impact on both Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Attitude Toward Using (ATU). Moreover, PU and ATU exert positive influences on Behavioral Intention (BI), with R² values of 0.65 for ATU and 0.71 for BI. These results suggest that the perceived ease of use and usefulness of electronic payment systems play a crucial role in shaping MSMEs’ attitudes and intentions toward adopting digital technologies. This study offers insights for formulating effective digital transformation strategies for MSMEs through the implementation of electronic payment systems.

This research is motivated by the importance of business licensing in the trade of goods and services sector as an instrument of legality, supervision, and legal protection; however, its implementation still faces gaps between normative regulations and practices in the field. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of business actors’ compliance with licensing obligations, identify obstacles in the implementation of risk-based licensing policies, and evaluate their impact on compliance. The method used is library research with a normative juridical approach, through an examination of primary legal materials in the form of laws and related regulations, as well as secondary and tertiary legal materials from scientific literature. The results show that the effectiveness of risk-based licensing policies has not been optimally achieved due to low legal literacy, limited digital understanding, and the perception that licenses are merely a formality, causing many business actors to neglect administrative obligations. This condition illustrates the existence of a gap between regulatory objectives and implementation practices. These findings emphasize the need for procedural simplification, intensified socialization, and strengthened technical assistance so that licensing policies become more responsive to the needs of business actors, while simultaneously encouraging compliance and enhancing national economic competitiveness.