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Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in organizations and educational institutions, and if not managed properly can have a negative impact on performance, effectiveness, and interpersonal relationships. However, conflict also has the potential to be a catalyst for improvement if managed appropriately. Therefore, it is important to systematically examine the stages of conflict, their impacts, and relevant management strategies. This study aims to answer the following questions: (1) How are the stages of conflict identified in various organizational and educational contexts? (2) What are the impacts of conflict on organizations? and (3) What management strategies are most effectively implemented? The method used was a literature review by searching articles through national and international databases using the keywords stages of conflict, conflict management, and education. Of the 73 initial articles, 18 primary articles were selected for thematic analysis. The analysis revealed three main findings: (1) conflict generally develops through stages of latency, escalation, and overt manifestation; (2) conflict negatively impacts performance if left unchecked, but can be constructive if managed; and (3) effective conflict management strategies are contextual, combining structural, interpersonal, and cultural-religious value approaches. In conclusion, this literature highlights the need for adaptive conflict management to maintain organizational stability. Further research is suggested to explore integrative models of conflict management based on local values and educational practices.

This study aims to analyze the role of inventory management in improving financial efficiency at CV. Sumber Jaya Putra Perkasa. The main problems faced by the company are manual inventory management, technological limitations, dependence on certain suppliers, and suboptimal demand planning, which affect distribution effectiveness and financial efficiency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis was conducted on the stock management process, inventory turnover, and its impact on storage costs and operational efficiency. The results show that good inventory management contributes significantly to increased financial efficiency. With proper stock planning, companies can minimize the risk of excess and shortage of goods, reduce storage costs (holding costs), and increase inventory turnover so that working capital can circulate more quickly. However, the inventory management system currently used by CV. Sumber Jaya Putra Perkasa still has limitations, especially in terms of digitization and information integration. This study recommends the implementation of a technology-based inventory management system, a multi-supplier strategy, and the application of demand forecasting methods to improve stock planning accuracy. With this strategy, it is hoped that the company can achieve more optimal financial efficiency and strengthen its competitiveness in the distribution industry.

This study aims to analyse the strategies implemented by Kopi Kenangan MSMEs, particularly the branch at Jl. Pancing No. 184 Medan, in facing the challenges of globalisation and penetrating the international market. The method used is a case study with a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that Kopi Kenangan is well prepared to compete in the global market through strengthening internal management, utilising digital technology, and building a brand image based on Indonesian coffee identity. The expansion strategies implemented include selecting markets with cultural proximity, adapting products to local preferences, and collaborating with international partners. The main obstacles faced include competition with global brands, differences in consumer tastes, financial constraints, and export regulations. However, business opportunities remain wide open in line with the increasing global coffee consumption trend, interest in authentic local products, and government support in promoting and facilitating MSMEs. This study concludes that the success of MSME internationalisation is largely determined by the synergy between internal company quality, digitalisation, partnership networks, and external support from the government.

This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality (X1), price (X2), and location (X3) on consumer satisfaction (Y) at UMKM Abon Farda Kediri. The research uses a quantitative approach with both primary and secondary data. The sample consists of 64 respondents, and the data were collected through questionnaires, literature reviews, and documentation. The analytical methods applied include Validity Test, Reliability Test, Classical Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, t-test, F-test, and the Coefficient of Determination test. The results of the analysis show the multiple linear regression equation: Y = 5.464 + 0.297X1 + 0.280X2 + 0.165X3 + e. Based on the t-test, the product quality variable has a t-value of 2.132 with a significance level of 0.037, indicating a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. The price variable has a t-value of 2.284 with a significance level of 0.026, also showing a significant influence. However, the location variable records a t-value of 1.176 with a significance level of 0.244, meaning it does not significantly affect consumer satisfaction. The F-test results show an F-value of 8.223 with a significance level of 0.000, confirming that product quality, price, and location simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Therefore, product quality and price play an important role in increasing consumer satisfaction at UMKM Abon Farda Kediri.

This study aims to determine how much influence simultaneously between internal communication and work environment on employee performance at PT AMYTHAS. This research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to 51 respondents who are employees from various divisions. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression through the SPSS version 26 application. The results of the study show that partially the internal communication variable has a t-value of 2.711> Ttable 2.010 and a significance of 0.009 <0.05, so it can be concluded that internal communication has a significant effect on employee performance. Likewise with the work environment which has a t-value of 4.359> Ttable 2.010 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05, so the work environment also has a significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, internal communication and work environment have a significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 and an F count of 144.407> F table 3.19. So it can be concluded that internal communication and work environment have a joint influence on the performance of PT AMYTHAS employees.

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture, work environment, and workplace boredom on employee performance through Cyberloafing behavior among employees at PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero). The research employed a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach, enabling systematic collection of numerical data to identify relationships among variables. The sample consisted of 339 employees selected purposively to reflect diverse perceptions regarding organizational culture, working conditions, and levels of boredom. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which allows testing both direct and indirect effects among variables. The results indicate that organizational culture, work environment, and workplace boredom significantly affect employee performance, both directly and through Cyberloafing behavior. Cyberloafing was found to mediate the relationship between organizational culture, work environment, and employee boredom with performance, thereby either strengthening or weakening the influence of these variables on work outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of managing an organizational culture that promotes productivity, improving a conducive work environment, and reducing employee boredom levels. Additionally, controlling Cyberloafing behavior is crucial for optimizing employee performance. The study provides practical implications for the management of PT Geo Dipa Energi (Persero) in designing effective policies and programs to enhance work efficiency and employee satisfaction.

This study aims to explain and test the hypotheses regarding the effect of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio on Earnings Quality. A quantitative approach with an associative method was employed to examine the influence of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio on Earnings Quality at PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk during the 2016–2023 period. The data analyzed are secondary data obtained from financial statements and earnings quality records listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with both partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing. The partial analysis results indicate that Profit Growth has a negative and significant effect, Capital Structure has a negative and insignificant effect, while Liquidity Ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on Earnings Quality. Simultaneously, the three variables were found to have a significant effect on Earnings Quality. The contribution of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio to Earnings Quality is 60.7%, while the remaining 39.3% is influenced by other variables not included in this study.

This study was conducted to evaluate and confirm hypotheses related to communication, work discipline, and work environment as determinants of employee performance at Pabrik Rokok Cengkir Gading Nganjuk. A quantitative approach with an associative method was adopted. The research utilized a non-probability sampling strategy, specifically the saturated sample method, by involving all 53 employees in the production section. Data were processed using SPSS version 26 and analyzed through validity, reliability, normality, linearity, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²). Findings indicate that communication has a positive but insignificant effect on performance (Sig. 0.131 > 0.05). In contrast, work discipline significantly and positively influences performance (Sig. 0.016 < 0.05), while the work environment has a positive but insignificant effect (Sig. 0.052 > 0.05). On the other hand, communication, work discipline, and work environment together significantly affect employee performance (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05). The overall contribution of these three independent variables is 47.9%, with the remaining 52.1% explained by other unobserved variables.

This study aims to determine the influence of Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality on Consumer Purchase Decisions at Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar. This research adopts a quantitative approach, focusing on the statistical analysis of the relationship between variables. The data were obtained from primary sources through the distribution of structured questionnaires to respondents. The population in this study consisted of all consumers of Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using a saturated sampling technique, where the entire population is used as the sample due to the accessible number of consumers during the research period. Several analytical methods were applied, including validity and reliability tests to ensure the quality and consistency of the research instruments. Classical assumption tests were also conducted to confirm the appropriateness of the regression model. The study used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effect of the independent variables — Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality — on the dependent variable, namely Consumer Purchase Decisions. The results of the partial (t-test) analysis showed that each variable — Brand Image, Price, and Service Quality — has a positive and significant influence on purchase decisions. Furthermore, the results of the simultaneous (F-test) analysis indicate that all three variables together significantly affect Consumer Purchase Decisions at Vins Aesthetic Clinic Blitar.

This study aims to examine the influence of firm size, profitability, and liquidity on the capital structure of PT Krakatau Steel Tbk during the 2017–2024 period. The independent variables in this study consist of firm size, measured by the natural logarithm of total assets (Ln Total Assets), profitability measured by Return on Equity (ROE), and liquidity measured by the Current Ratio (CR). The dependent variable is capital structure, proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The data used were secondary in nature, comprising quarterly financial statements of PT Krakatau Steel Tbk obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and other official sources. The empirical findings reveal that, partially, firm size has a negative and statistically significant effect on capital structure. This suggests that larger firms tend to rely less on debt financing. Profitability exerts a positive and significant influence on capital structure, indicating that more profitable companies are more likely to use debt to finance their operations. Conversely, liquidity exhibits a negative yet statistically insignificant impact on capital structure, implying that liquidity does not have a substantial effect on the company's capital structure decisions. Simultaneously, the three independent variables collectively have a significant effect on capital structure. The model’s coefficient of determination (R²) indicates that 26.7% of the variation in capital structure can be explained by the independent variables, while the remaining 73.3% is attributable to other factors not included in this study. These findings contribute to the understanding of financial decision-making within capital-intensive industries.

Business competition in the agribusiness sector demands that every entrepreneur formulates and implements effective marketing strategies to maintain consumer loyalty and increase sales. This study was conducted at UD. Dua Putra Nganjuk with the objective of analyzing the influence of social media, price, and product quality on consumers' purchasing decisions specifically for corn ose products. The research population consisted of 140 consumers, and the sample size was determined to be 84 respondents using a purposive sampling technique, targeting individuals who had made purchases and met specific criteria relevant to the study. A quantitative research approach was adopted, with data collected through a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, and included validity and reliability tests, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, F-tests, and calculation of the coefficient of determination (R²). The results showed that all three independent variables—social media, price, and product quality—had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, with respective significance values of 0.006, 0.001, and 0.009. Furthermore, the F-test confirmed a simultaneous significant influence, with an F-statistic value of 534.263 and a significance level of 0.000. The coefficient of determination (R²) was found to be 0.952, indicating that 95.2% of the variation in purchasing decisions is explained by these three variables. The remaining 4.8% is attributed to other factors not examined in this study.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work discipline, job satisfaction, and motivation on the performance of billman employees at PT. PLN Electricity Services ULP Kediri City. Employee performance plays a strategic role in ensuring the company’s service quality and operational sustainability, particularly in the field of billing services which directly impacts customer satisfaction and company revenue. The research employs a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression method to assess both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables. The population of this study consisted of all 33 billman employees of PT. PLN Electricity Services ULP Kediri City, and due to the small size, a saturated sampling technique was used so that the entire population served as respondents. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to all employees and then analyzed statistically. The findings indicate that, partially, work discipline has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance, suggesting that discipline alone does not guarantee productivity improvement. On the other hand, job satisfaction and motivation both have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, showing that intrinsic and psychological factors contribute more strongly to optimal work outcomes. Furthermore, when tested simultaneously, work discipline, job satisfaction, and motivation collectively exert a positive and significant influence on employee performance. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.786 indicates that 78.6% of variations in performance can be explained by the three variables, while the remaining 21.4% is influenced by other factors outside this research model. These findings emphasize the importance of fostering job satisfaction and motivation through supportive management policies to enhance employee contributions and organizational effectiveness.

The results of this study indicate that DT Peduli Jambi has not yet fully optimized the management of productive zakat, despite having a structured management system in place. Based on data analysis, several key factors were identified as obstacles to optimization. First, there is a lack of public trust in the institution, as reflected in the absence of significant growth in zakat collection over the past three years. This condition highlights the need for more effective communication and transparency strategies. Second, administrative challenges remain, such as a record-keeping system that is not yet fully integrated digitally and limited human resources with expertise in managing productive zakat. Third, resistance to change among beneficiaries persists, with approximately 30% refusing to adopt modern business management methods offered by the program. Fourth, there is a high dependency on assistance, with 40% of beneficiaries still heavily reliant on institutional mentoring. Fifth, participation in training programs remains low, with an average attendance rate of only 65%. Nevertheless, overall the program is categorized as “fairly successful” with an achievement score of 70 out of 100. This indicates that productive zakat holds great potential to promote economic empowerment of the community but has not yet been maximized due to structural and cultural barriers. Therefore, improvements are needed in transparency, capacity building of human resources, as well as persuasive and participatory approaches for beneficiaries, so that the goal of economic empowerment through productive zakat can be more effectively realized.

This study investigates the influence of employee engagement, digital training, and reward systems on employee productivity at the Central Statistics Agency of Kediri Regency. The research adopts a quantitative approach with a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. A total of 33 employees participated as respondents, determined using a saturated sampling technique, which ensures that all members of the population were included. The instrument utilized was a Likert-scale questionnaire, designed to capture perceptions and experiences related to engagement, training, and rewards. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to measure both the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on productivity. The results reveal that employee engagement plays a significant role in enhancing productivity, with a significance value of 0.003. Similarly, digital training and reward systems also exert a positive and significant influence, with significance values of 0.037 and 0.0002, respectively. When tested simultaneously, the three independent variables collectively demonstrate a substantial impact on employee productivity, as evidenced by an F-value of 76.069. Furthermore, the Adjusted R Square value of 87.6% indicates that the research model possesses strong explanatory power, meaning that most variations in productivity can be explained by employee engagement, digital training, and reward systems. These findings highlight the strategic importance of integrating engagement initiatives, continuous digital skill development, and fair reward mechanisms to foster higher levels of productivity. For organizations, particularly government institutions, the study underscores the necessity of adopting a holistic human resource development framework that addresses both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors to maximize employee performance.

This study aims to analyze the role of organizational culture in optimizing employee performance in Lebak Bulus Village, South Jakarta. A strong organizational culture is considered to have a significant contribution in improving the effectiveness of government officials and the quality of public services to the community. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenological method, which emphasizes an in-depth understanding of the experiences, views, and behaviors of employees in carrying out their duties in their work environment. The research focuses on actors (employees), social situations, and activities that occur within the village environment. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with key and primary informants, and documentation. Data validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques to increase the validity of the research results. The results show that the organizational culture in Lebak Bulus Village has strengths in the aspects of innovation and risk-taking, orientation towards results, orientation towards people, and stability. However, several weaknesses were still found, such as low individual initiative, lack of attention to detail, weak team orientation, minimal levels of aggressiveness, and limited employee experience and accuracy. Opportunities for improvement can be pursued through ongoing training and the digitalization of public services, although challenges remain, including a passive work culture and resistance to policy change. Overall, organizational culture plays a crucial role in supporting employee performance improvement, but a sustainable strategy is needed to strengthen professionalism and build a more adaptive and progressive work culture. Efforts to address identified weaknesses, such as improving communication between employees, developing leadership skills, and enhancing discipline in carrying out tasks, are essential for the continued development of a positive organizational culture. Furthermore, awareness of the importance of collaboration across organizational divisions must be instilled to create a more productive and efficient work environment.

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of performance expectancy, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk on continuance intention among e-wallet users at Budi Luhur University. The background to this research is based on the increasing use of e-wallets among students, which has prompted the need to understand the factors influencing the continued use of this technology. The independent variables in this study are performance expectancy, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk, while the dependent variable is continuance intention. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The study population included all e-wallet users at Budi Luhur University. Sampling was conducted using a non-probability purposive sampling technique, which considers specific respondent criteria, resulting in 98 respondents. The sample size was determined using the Lemeshow formula. The research instrument was a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of the study show that performance expectancy has a positive and significant influence on continuance intention, indicating that the higher users' expectations of e-wallet performance, the greater their intention to continue using it. Perceived ease of use was also shown to have a positive and significant influence on continuance intention, indicating that perceived ease of use is a key factor in continued e-wallet use. Conversely, perceived risk did not have a significant influence on continuance intention, indicating that perceived risk is not a major inhibiting factor in students' decisions to continue using e-wallets.  

This study investigates the impact of taste and service quality on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable, at Dapoer MbokSum Kediri. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of structured questionnaires to customers, while secondary data were collected via interviews with the business owner and direct field observations to gain a deeper understanding of operational practices. A total of 120 respondents were selected through accidental sampling, ensuring that participants met specific criteria relevant to the study objectives. The data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0, incorporating validity and reliability testing to ensure the robustness of the measurement instruments, as well as hypothesis testing to evaluate the relationships between variables. The results of the analysis indicate that both taste and service quality exert significant and positive influences on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, service quality demonstrates a significant and direct positive effect on customer loyalty. In contrast, taste does not show a direct influence on loyalty, suggesting that its effect on loyalty is more indirect and mediated by satisfaction Additionally, the mediation analysis confirms that customer satisfaction plays a critical role in linking both taste and service quality to customer loyalty. This implies that while customers may appreciate the taste of food, it is their overall satisfaction—encompassing both taste and service experiences—that ultimately drives loyalty. The study highlights the importance for culinary businesses, particularly in the competitive food service industry, to focus not only on product quality but also on delivering excellent service to enhance satisfaction and foster long-term customer relationships. The findings provide practical insights for Dapoer MbokSum Kediri and similar establishments to strategically prioritize service quality improvements alongside maintaining food taste to maximize customer retention and loyalty.

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of work discipline, organizational culture, and work ethics on employee performance at PT Amaze Indonesia Jaya. The background of this study is based on the importance of human resources as a company's main asset, where the level of discipline, established work culture, and applied work ethics can influence employee performance achievement. This study uses a quantitative approach by utilizing primary data obtained through questionnaires and secondary data obtained from company documents. The study population is all employees of PT Amaze Indonesia Jaya, with a total of 50 people who are also used as research samples using saturated sampling techniques. The research instrument has been tested for validity and reliability to ensure the feasibility of the collected data. Data analysis was carried out through validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using t-tests and F-tests. The results of the study indicate that partially, work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, which means that the higher the discipline, the better the performance produced. Organizational culture has also been proven to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, indicating that the values, norms, and habits that apply in the organization can motivate employees to work more optimally. Furthermore, work ethics has a positive and significant impact on performance, indicating that employee integrity, responsibility, and professionalism contribute to the achievement of work targets. Simultaneously, the F-test results indicate that work discipline, organizational culture, and work ethics collectively have a significant impact on employee performance.

This study aims to determine the effect of promotion, price, and brand image on consumer purchasing decisions in the Cap Fajar Chips Home Industry. The study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The study population is consumers who have made purchases at the store, with a total of 150 respondents selected as a sample. The data collection method is carried out through distributing questionnaires, then the data is analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques to test the effect of each independent variable, both partially and simultaneously, on purchasing decisions. The results of the analysis show that the promotion variable (X1) does not have a partial significant effect on purchasing decisions, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.502 (> 0.05). This indicates that the intensity or form of promotion carried out is not enough to directly influence consumer purchasing decisions. In contrast to promotions, the price variable (X2) is proven to have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. A significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) indicates that competitive and affordable pricing is an important factor that encourages consumers to choose Cap Fajar chips products. Similarly, the brand image variable (X3) has a partial significant influence on purchasing decisions, with a significance value of 0.013 (<0.05). This indicates that consumers' positive perceptions of brand reputation and quality can strengthen the desire to purchase. Simultaneously, the three variables—promotion, price, and brand image—have a significant influence on consumer purchasing decisions. This finding is evidenced by a significance value of 0.001 (<0.05). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that price and brand image are the dominant elements that determine purchasing decisions for Cap Fajar chips, while promotions require a more effective strategy to provide a real impact.

Entrepreneurial management is a process that involves the ability of individuals to create, manage, and develop businesses effectively in order to survive and compete in the midst of dynamic market changes. In this context, interest, creativity, and connections are important factors that can drive the success of a business, especially in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. This study aims to analyze the influence of interest (X1), creativity (X2), and connection (X3) on business success (Y) in food MSME actors in Sumberejo Village. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The main instrument used in data collection is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The number of respondents in this study was 77 people, who were selected using purposive sampling techniques based on certain criteria such as the length of business and the type of food products produced. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of statistical software. The results of the study show that the variables of interest, creativity, and connection simultaneously or partially have a positive and significant effect on the success of MSME businesses. Thus, MSME actors who have a high interest in entrepreneurship, are able to create product innovations, and have a wide network of relationships, tend to have a greater chance of achieving business success. This research suggests the need for entrepreneurship training that not only focuses on the technical aspects of production, but also the development of soft skills and social networks. Thus, the empowerment of MSMEs in rural areas will be more optimal and sustainable. These findings are expected to be a reference for village governments, training institutions, and other related parties in formulating strategies to strengthen MSMEs in rural areas.