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This study investigates the effect of total risk on firm performance and sustained growth among consumer non-cyclicals manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period 2019–2023. Total risk is operationalized through the systematic risk proxy (Beta/β), estimated via the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) framework as the covariance between individual stock returns and the market return divided by the variance of market returns, using the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) as the market benchmark. Firm performance is measured through Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q, while sustained growth is operationalized following Gerson et al. (2025) as SG = b × ROE, where b denotes the earnings retention ratio. Panel data regression analysis is applied to 225 firm-year observations drawn from 45 companies, with model selection guided by the Chow and Hausman specification tests. The Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is adopted for ROA, ROE, and SG, while the Random Effect Model (REM) is applied for Tobin’s Q. Results indicate that systematic risk exerts a significant negative effect on ROA (β = −0.312; p < 0.01) and ROE (β = −0.278; p < 0.01), but is statistically non-significant for Tobin’s Q, suggesting that capital market pricing in Indonesia does not fully incorporate systematic risk information. Critically, systematic risk exerts the largest and most significant negative effect on sustained growth (β = −0.347; p < 0.01), revealing a dual transmission mechanism through which risk suppresses ROE while simultaneously inducing more conservative dividend policies, both of which constrain long-run growth sustainability. These findings carry important implications for corporate risk management strategy and empirically enrich the literature on risk, performance, and growth in emerging capital markets.

This study examines the effect of working capital on firm performance and sustained growth among consumer non-cyclicals manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period 2019–2023. Working capital is operationalized through three distinct proxies derived from Akgün and Memiş Karatəs (2021): the Cash Holding Level (CHL), which measures the proportion of cash and cash equivalents relative to total assets; the Cash Interactive Effect (CIE), which captures the efficiency of converting revenue into operating cash flow; and the Gross Working Capital Ratio (GWCR), which reflects the share of current assets within total assets. Firm performance is assessed through Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q, while sustained growth is measured using the model proposed by Gerson et al. (2025), expressed as SG = b × ROE, where b denotes the earnings retention ratio. Panel data regression analysis is applied to 225 firm-year observations drawn from 45 companies. The study employs the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) for ROA and ROE, and the Random Effect Model (REM) for Tobin’s Q, as determined by the Hausman specification test. The findings reveal that CHL and CIE exert significant positive effects on ROA and ROE, while CIE is the only proxy to produce a statistically significant positive effect on Tobin’s Q. With respect to sustained growth, CHL and GWCR demonstrate significant negative effects, whereas CIE shows a significant positive effect, indicating that operational efficiency dimensions of working capital actively support long-term growth sustainability. These results reinforce the liquidity management theory and contribute empirical evidence that the structure and efficiency of working capital are strategic determinants of both short-term financial performance and long-term growth sustainability in Indonesia’s consumer goods manufacturing sector.

This study examines disaster management strategies in earthquake-prone countries, with a comparative focus on Japan and the Philippines as case studies for lessons applicable to public administration systems worldwide. Using a qualitative comparative analysis approach, the research evaluates institutional frameworks, policy instruments, community engagement mechanisms, and intergovernmental coordination systems deployed in both countries. Japan’s highly centralized yet locally adaptive Disaster Management Basic Act framework is contrasted with the Philippines’ decentralized National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (NDRRM) system. Findings reveal that effective disaster management hinges on five critical pillars: strong legal frameworks, inter-agency coordination, investment in early warning systems, community resilience programs, and post-disaster recovery governance. The study further identifies that public trust, administrative capacity, and fiscal decentralization significantly influence disaster response outcomes. Lessons drawn from both countries offer practical recommendations for developing nations seeking to strengthen their disaster governance architectures. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on comparative public administration and disaster risk reduction, underscoring the imperative of integrated, adaptive, and community-centered governance frameworks in seismically active regions.

Healthcare institutions worldwide are undergoing digital transformation to improve efficiency and patient experiences. While many studies focus on clinical applications of information technology (IT), its impact on administrative service quality remains limited, even though administrative services are patients’ primary point of contact. This study examines how IT adoption influences administrative service quality in Indonesian healthcare institutions, focusing on relationships between IT implementation levels and service quality dimensions, as well as mediating and moderating factors. Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were collected from 385 patients and 127 administrative staff across 24 hospitals, supported by 32 in-depth interviews. Service quality was measured using SERVQUAL dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The findings show significant positive relationships between IT adoption and all service quality dimensions, with the strongest effects on reliability and responsiveness. Staff digital competency and system usability partially mediate these relationships, while implementation quality acts as a key moderating factor. Well-implemented systems yield substantially higher service improvements than poorly implemented ones. Most patients prefer digital services when functioning properly, although many report frustration when systems fail or staff lack competency. This study highlights the importance of effective IT implementation to enhance administrative service quality and offers practical insights for healthcare management.

Good governance has become a crucial framework for improving public sector effectiveness, accountability, and responsiveness to citizens’ needs. In Indonesia, decentralization policies since 1999 have devolved significant authority and resources to local governments, creating both opportunities and challenges in implementing good governance principles. This study examines administrative reform efforts in Indonesian local governments, focusing on progress, challenges, and key success factors. Using a multiple case study design, the research analyzed reform initiatives in six district/city governments with diverse contexts. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews with government officials, civil society representatives, and citizens, as well as direct observation of administrative processes conducted between March and November 2024. The study assessed six core principles of good governance: participation, transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness, and rule of law. The findings reveal variations in implementation across regions, with high-performing governments demonstrating strong leadership commitment, systematic planning, active citizen engagement, and effective monitoring mechanisms. However, challenges persist, including limited capacity, bureaucratic resistance, weak accountability enforcement, and low public participation. Key success factors include visionary leadership, capacity development, strategic partnerships, and institutional strengthening. Policy recommendations emphasize enhancing local capacity, accountability systems, citizen participation, and performance evaluation. Good governance has become a crucial framework for improving public sector effectiveness, accountability, and responsiveness to citizens’ needs. In Indonesia, decentralization policies since 1999 have devolved significant authority and resources to local governments, creating both opportunities and challenges in implementing good governance principles. This study examines administrative reform efforts in Indonesian local governments, focusing on progress, challenges, and key success factors. Using a multiple case study design, the research analyzed reform initiatives in six district/city governments with diverse contexts. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews with government officials, civil society representatives, and citizens, as well as direct observation of administrative processes conducted between March and November 2024. The study assessed six core principles of good governance: participation, transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness, and rule of law. The findings reveal variations in implementation across regions, with high-performing governments demonstrating strong leadership commitment, systematic planning, active citizen engagement, and effective monitoring mechanisms. However, challenges persist, including limited capacity, bureaucratic resistance, weak accountability enforcement, and low public participation. Key success factors include visionary leadership, capacity development, strategic partnerships, and institutional strengthening. Policy recommendations emphasize enhancing local capacity, accountability systems, citizen participation, and performance evaluation.

Leadership constitutes a critical determinant of organizational efficiency, yet the relationship between leadership styles and administrative effectiveness remains incompletely understood, particularly across different institutional contexts. This comparative study examines how transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles influence administrative efficiency in public and private sector institutions in Indonesia. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were collected from 428 employees across 28 public institutions and 24 private organizations through validated survey instruments; qualitative data were gathered through 36 semi-structured interviews with organizational leaders and managers. Results reveal significant positive relationships between transformational leadership and administrative efficiency in both sectors (β = 0.54, p < 0.001 for public; β = 0.48, p < 0.001 for private), with transactional leadership showing moderate positive effects (β = 0.32 public; β = 0.38 private) and laissez-faire leadership demonstrating negative relationships (β = −0.28 public; β = −0.24 private). Leadership styles collectively explain 52% of efficiency variance. Mediation analysis reveals that organizational culture (28%), employee engagement (35%), and trust in leadership (22%) partially mediate transformational leadership's effects, together accounting for 62% of total indirect effects. Sector differences emerged qualitatively: transformational leadership leverages public service motivation in public institutions, while transactional leadership's performance accountability resonates more strongly in private organizations. The study contributes theoretical understanding of leadership effectiveness across institutional contexts and provides practical guidance for developing contextually appropriate leadership development programs.

Bureaucracies worldwide face increasing pressure to innovate due to rising citizen expectations, technological disruption, and fiscal constraints. The digital era offers significant opportunities to transform public service delivery by overcoming traditional administrative barriers. This study employs a multiple case study design, analyzing 18 innovative public service initiatives in Indonesia recognized for service innovation. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and direct observations. Using Innovation Diffusion Theory and Institutional Theory, the study examines innovation adoption, implementation, and sustainability. The findings show that successful bureaucratic innovations share six key characteristics: strong leadership, citizen-centric design, effective use of digital technologies, incremental implementation, institutionalization through regulations, and external partnerships. However, major barriers include rigid regulations, risk-averse organizational culture, fragmented authority, limited resources, inadequate digital infrastructure, and political influences. Digital technology plays a crucial enabling role, yet it must be supported by organizational change, capacity building, and cultural transformation. This study provides policy recommendations to support regulatory reform, strengthen innovation systems, and foster innovation-friendly public sector environments.

The digital transformation of public administration represents a critical pathway toward modernizing governance, enhancing service delivery, and improving transparency in Indonesian government agencies. This study examines the current state of digital transformation initiatives across various levels of government in Indonesia, identifying key challenges and opportunities in implementing digital technologies within bureaucratic structures. Through a convergent parallel mixed-methods design combining surveys of 245 government officials from 32 agencies and in-depth interviews with 28 digital transformation leaders, this research reveals that while Indonesian government agencies have made significant progress, substantial barriers remain including limited digital infrastructure in remote regions, resistance to organizational change, insufficient digital literacy among civil servants, and inadequate legal frameworks. The overall mean maturity score was 2.87 (SD = 0.74), placing the average agency in the 'developing' category, with only 6% reaching the 'optimizing' level. The study identifies critical success factors: strong leadership commitment (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), citizen-centric design, comprehensive change management, and effective public-private partnerships. Findings indicate that successful digital transformation requires not merely technological adoption but fundamental organizational restructuring and cultural shifts toward data-driven decision-making and collaborative governance. Policy recommendations address digital infrastructure investment, human capital development, governance reform, and shared platform utilization. This research contributes to theoretical understanding of digital government in developing nations and provides practical guidance for policymakers navigating the complexities of public sector digitalization.

The effectiveness of public sector organizations in delivering quality services and achieving their mandates depends critically on how they manage their human resources. This study examines the relationship between strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices and organizational performance in Indonesian public sector organizations. Employing a mixed-methods research design, data were collected from 312 public sector managers and HR professionals across 45 government agencies through surveys and 32 in-depth interviews. The research investigates five key SHRM dimensions: strategic recruitment and selection, performance management systems, employee development and training, compensation and rewards, and employee engagement. Findings reveal significant positive relationships between SHRM practices and multiple performance indicators including service quality, operational efficiency, employee productivity, and organizational innovation. Regression analysis demonstrates that SHRM practices collectively explain 47.3% of variance in organizational performance scores. Qualitative data illuminate implementation challenges including limited HR professional capacity, rigid civil service regulations, political interference, and resistance to performance-based management. The study identifies critical success factors such as top management commitment, alignment between HR strategy and organizational strategy, investment in HR analytics capabilities, and cultural transformation toward merit-based practices. Results indicate that high-performing public organizations distinguish themselves through systematic talent management, data-driven HR decision-making, continuous learning cultures, and stronger linkages between individual performance and organizational outcomes. This research contributes empirical evidence on SHRM effectiveness in public sector contexts and provides actionable recommendations for HR practitioners and policymakers seeking to leverage human capital for improved public service delivery.

Code-switching has become increasingly prevalent in digital communication among Indonesian youth, reflecting complex sociolinguistic dynamics in multilingual contexts. This study investigates code-switching patterns in Indonesian digital native youth's computer-mediated communication (CMC), examining the linguistic structures, social functions, and motivations behind this phenomenon. A mixed-methods approach was employed, analyzing 2,500 social media posts from 150 Indonesian youth aged 18–25 across Instagram, Twitter, and WhatsApp. Quantitative content analysis identified code-switching frequency and patterns, while qualitative thematic analysis explored motivations and functions. Myers-Scotton's Matrix Language Frame model guided the structural analysis. Results revealed that 78.4% of participants engaged in code-switching, with Indonesian-English being the most common pattern (62.3%), followed by Indonesian-Regional Language (23.5%) and trilingual switching (14.2%). Intrasentential switching occurred in 54.7% of cases, while intersentential switching appeared in 31.8%. Five primary functions emerged: identity construction (32.1%), emphasis/intensification (26.4%), topic shifting (18.9%), humor/creativity (14.3%), and lexical gap-filling (8.3%). Code-switching in Indonesian digital communication represents a sophisticated linguistic practice driven by identity negotiation, expressive needs, and technological affordances rather than linguistic deficiency. These findings contribute to understanding multilingual CMC in Southeast Asian contexts and have implications for digital literacy education and language policy.

Indonesia harbors extraordinary linguistic diversity with over 700 regional languages representing approximately 10% of the world's languages within 1.3% of global land area. However, this diversity faces existential threat from language shift toward Indonesian, urbanization, education policies favoring the national language, and globalization. UNESCO classifies 146 Indonesian languages as endangered, with several dozen facing imminent extinction as last speakers age without intergenerational transmission. This study documents the current vitality status of Indonesian regional languages, analyzes factors driving language endangerment and shift, evaluates existing conservation efforts, and proposes evidence-based strategies for language revitalization and maintenance. A multi-phase approach was employed: vitality assessment of 150 regional languages using UNESCO's Language Vitality and Endangerment framework with surveys involving 2,400 speakers; ethnographic case studies in 12 speech communities; policy analysis; evaluation of 25 revitalization programs; and predictive modeling of language shift trajectories. Of 150 surveyed languages, only 23 (15.3%) classified as safe with robust intergenerational transmission; 48 (32.0%) were vulnerable; 42 (28.0%) definitely endangered; 28 (18.7%) severely endangered; and 9 (6.0%) critically endangered. Key endangerment drivers included Indonesian-only education (92.3% of schools), urban migration (67.8% of youth), negative language attitudes (54.2% of parents), and lack of written traditions (73.4% of languages lacking orthographies). Modeling projected that without intervention, 40% of currently vulnerable languages will become definitely endangered within 20 years. Successful revitalization demands community-owned interventions, mother-tongue-based multilingual education, new digital language domains, and attitude change campaigns. Indonesia's linguistic diversity represents invaluable cultural and scientific heritage requiring urgent, coordinated conservation action.