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Shrub vegetation is an important component in the structure of vegetation communities that have a significant ecological role, especially in maintaining soil stability and supporting biodiversity. One area that has the potential for shrub vegetation diversity but has not been scientifically documented is the Jaboi hot spring area, Weh Island, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. The purpose of this study was to investigate various types of shrub vegetation found in the study area and to calculate the diversity index. Data collection was carried out using a one-hundred-meter line transect method divided into four paths, with one pair of transects directed towards residential areas and plantation areas, while the remaining two transects were directed towards areas that were still forested. At each transect there were six observation points with a distance between points of 20 meters, each point consisting of three quadrat plots measuring 2 × 2 meters. Analysis of the diversity index used the Shannon-Wiener formula (H’). The results showed that there were 9 shrub species from 7 families with a total of 169 individuals from four observation stations. The Melastomataceae family dominates the shrub community with two main species, Melastoma malabathricum and Memecylon caeruleum. The diversity index value is 2.17, which is included in the moderate category (H = 2–3). This diversity is influenced by the physical-chemical conditions of the environment, such as acidic soil pH (4.4–5.5) and relatively stable temperatures, although temperatures exceeding the optimum limit were found in some locations. This study provides initial data on the potential of shrub vegetation as a basis for ecosystem management and conservation in the area.

Biodiversity is a combination of the number of species and the number of individuals of each species in a community, one of which is in the Lichen group. Lichen is a form of mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and algae that morphologically and physiologically form a whole unit to produce new, unique individuals. This organism has an important role in the ecosystem, such as indicators of environmental quality, nutrient cycles, and soil surface cover. However, data on the diversity of Lichen species, especially in Geothermal areas, is still very limited so that information on their distribution and composition in the area is not optimal. This study aims to analyze the diversity index of Lichen species in the Jaboi Hot Spring area, Sukajaya District, Sabang City. The study was conducted in June 2025 using a combination of exploratory survey methods to determine research stations and transect line boundaries, as well as purposive sampling methods for Lichen sampling. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (Ĥ). The results showed that there were 17 Lichen species belonging to 11 families with a total of 2027 colonies found in all observation stations. The obtained diversity index value was Ĥ = 2.819214, which is recommended as moderate diversity. These findings indicate that although the Jaboi Hot Springs area has unique environmental conditions due to geothermal activity, it still supports a diverse range of lichen species. This information is expected to form the basis for further research on lichen ecology, biodiversity conservation, and its potential use in geothermal areas. Furthermore, the results of this study can make important contributions to environmental management and bioindicator-based ecosystem quality monitoring.