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Female-headed households (PEKKA) in rural areas represent a vulnerable group that often faces structural barriers in accessing their social and economic rights, particularly in relation to Cash Transfer Assistance (BLT) policies. The urgency of this study stems from the persistent gap between policy implementation and the specific needs of PEKKA. This research aims to examine the forms of legal protection and economic access available to PEKKA in several villages in Central Java through the BLT scheme. Utilizing a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis, and analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The findings reveal that administrative obstacles, social stigma, and the lack of gender-sensitive approaches are key factors hindering the fulfillment of PEKKA’s rights. Although formal policies exist, their implementation at the local level remains unresponsive and fails to address structural inequalities. This study contributes to the development of socially just and gender-equitable policy frameworks at the village level. It concludes that reformulating inclusive and advocacy-based social policies for PEKKA is essential, alongside further research exploring transformative legal approaches and sustainable economic empowerment.

Village development is the main focus of Indonesia's national policy, especially after the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. In its implementation, the role of the Ministry of Villages (Kemendesa) and the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri) is very important, however, disharmony of authority often occurs which hampers the effectiveness of these policies. This research aims to analyze the disharmonization of authority between the two ministries and formulate a harmonization solution from a legal perspective to increase more efficient and sustainable village development. The method used is a normative approach with comparative juridical analysis of existing regulations, which include related laws and policies. The research results show that there are overlapping regulations and roles between the Ministry of Villages and the Ministry of Home Affairs in aspects of preparing the RPJMDes, managing village funds, as well as coaching and supervising village heads. This research suggests the need for clear legal reconstruction and better coordinating mechanisms between the two ministries to avoid conflicts of authority that could hinder the achievement of village development goals. In conclusion, harmonization of authority normatively, institutionally and technically is very necessary to increase the effectiveness of village development and provide better legal certainty.

This study aims to examine the role of law in poverty eradication in Indonesia through the analysis of regulations and implementation of government programs. With a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature studies, this study explores the effectiveness of books as an instrument of public policy. The findings show that the law has not functioned optimally as a tool for social transformation, tends to be administrative and not yet adaptive to the dynamics of poverty. Case studies in several regions such as Malang, Trenggalek, and Aceh Tamiang highlight weak coordination, data validation, and community participation. The main obstacles include limited local regulations, inaccurate targeting of assistance, and minimal legal-based supervision. Therefore, proactive, participatory, and contextual legal reform is needed so that poverty alleviation policies truly side with vulnerable groups. The law must be present not only as a norm, but as a structural force that guarantees distributive justice and social empowerment.

The phenomenon of increasing potential for social conflict in the regions, including in Gorontalo Province, demands the presence of security forces that are able to act quickly, professionally, and in accordance with legal corridors. The Brimob unit as part of the National Police has a vital role in implementing riot control policies to maintain national stability and security. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of Brimob Gorontalo's role in implementing the policy, in terms of legal aspects, especially in accordance with the principles of human rights and applicable laws and regulations. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with literature and documentation study methods. The results of the analysis show that although the policy has been implemented in accordance with protap and regulations, the effectiveness of its implementation still faces challenges such as limited human resources, understanding of human rights, and social resistance. Therefore, it is recommended that Brimob Gorontalo strengthen human rights-based training, increase transparency of actions, and strengthen synergies with communities and local policy makers to create sustainable and equitable security.

Sexual violence in the university environment is a significant challenge in creating a safe and supportive educational atmosphere. This phenomenon is influenced by unequal power relations, patriarchal culture, and lack of understanding and application of legal protection. Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Number 30 of 2021 is presented as a legal framework to prevent and handle sexual violence in higher education, with strategic steps such as the formation of the Task Force for the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence (PPKS Task Force). This research aims to examine the juridical aspects of protecting students and teaching staff from sexual violence, analyze the implementation of regulations, and identify obstacles faced in their implementation. This research uses a normative-juridical method, which prioritizes the analysis of laws and regulations, legal documents, and related legal theories. The results show that although the regulation has provided quite detailed guidelines, its implementation still faces challenges in the form of social stigma, lack of resources, and gaps between policy and practice. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of continuous evaluation and education to improve the effectiveness of regulations and encourage universities to become agents of change in the fight against sexual violence.