Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Rehabilitasi Bagi Pecandu yang Mengulangi Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Badan Narkotika Nasional Kota Kupang

This study examines the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs for drug addicts who repeatedly abuse narcotics at Badan Narkotika Nasional Kota Kupang. The research was motivated by the increasing complexity of drug abuse and the recurrence of abuse (relapse) among former addicts after rehabilitation. This research aims to analyze the implementation of rehabilitation programs and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting rehabilitation effectiveness. The study employed empirical legal research with a socio-legal approach. Primary data were obtained through interviews and field observations, while secondary data were collected through the study of legislation, books, journals, and related legal documents. Data were analyzed qualitatively using the theories of legal implementation, legal effectiveness, and legal utility. The findings indicate that rehabilitation programs were implemented through assessment, medical rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, and post-rehabilitation stages. During the 2021–2025 period, 25 rehabilitation clients were recorded, with two relapse cases identified, consisting of one moderate relapse case in 2021 and one mild relapse case in 2024. The effectiveness level of the rehabilitation program ranged between 70% and 80%. Supporting factors included legal frameworks, interinstitutional cooperation, family support, and community-based rehabilitation services. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors involved limited professional human resources, inadequate facilities, budget constraints, social stigma, and environmental influences that triggered relapse. The study concludes that rehabilitation for repeat drug abusers in Kupang has been relatively effective; however, institutional strengthening, improvement of rehabilitation facilities, and community participation remain necessary to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.