Penggunaan Teknologi Blockchain untuk Mencegah Adanya Sertifikat Tanah Ganda

Land dispute issues are still frequently occurring in Indonesia, one of the main causes being the issuance of duplicate land certificates originating from a centralized land administration system that is vulnerable to data manipulation and recording errors, despite the enactment of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles and its implementing regulations. Blockchain emerges as an information technology innovation based on decentralization that has the potential to strengthen legal certainty through a secure, transparent, and tamper-proof recording system. Normative support for digitalization is also reflected in Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions and Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, although its implementation in the national land system remains suboptimal. This study aims to examine legal regulations regarding blockchain implementation in Indonesia’s land administration system and to conduct a comparative analysis with Georgia. The research method used is normative legal research with a prescriptive and applied-technical approach, using statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The findings show that Indonesian regulations already support the digitalization of land registration through policies of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN). However, blockchain integration is still required, particularly through a hybrid system combining cloud computing and blockchain to prevent duplicate land certificates. Since 2016, Georgia has implemented blockchain in its land registration system, resulting in improved efficiency, transparency, and data security. Therefore, there is potential to adapt this model in Indonesia to enhance land administration, legal certainty, and the protection of land rights.