Digital Transformation in Maritime Logistics: Integrating IoT and Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency in Indonesian Shipping Networks

Digital transformation has become a critical lever for modernizing maritime logistics, particularly in archipelagic nations where supply chain fragmentation poses persistent operational challenges. This study examines the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies as dual mechanisms for enhancing supply chain transparency within Indonesian domestic shipping networks. Employing a qualitative research design supported by thematic analysis, the study engaged maritime logistics experts, port operators, and shipping company representatives as primary respondents. Findings reveal that IoT-blockchain integration significantly improves real-time cargo visibility, reduces documentation fraud, and strengthens regulatory compliance across multi-port supply chains. The research further demonstrates that digital transformation in maritime logistics is not merely a technological upgrade but a governance and institutional reform imperative, particularly given Indonesia's strategic maritime position. Results indicate an overall high performance score across transparency, efficiency, and security indicators, affirming the readiness of key stakeholders to adopt integrated digital solutions. The study contributes a replicable framework for digital maritime logistics governance applicable to archipelagic developing economies seeking sustainable supply chain advancement.