Optimasi Steganografi Video Berbasis LSB Multi-Bit dengan Penentuan Posisi dan Jumlah Bit Adaptif Berdasarkan Analisis Kecerahan dan Tekstur Frame

Steganography is a method to hide confidential messages in digital media so that they are not detected by unauthorized parties. Unlike cryptography which protects the content of messages through encryption, steganography hides the message itself. One popular technique is the Least Significant Bit (LSB), which replaces the least important bit on the pixel with a secret message bit. However, conventional LSB methods such as 1-bit or 3-bit have limitations due to the compromise between insertion capacity and visual quality of the media. This study proposes an LSB-based video steganography method with an adaptive multi-bit embedding approach. This technique determines the number and position of bits that are dynamically inserted based on the local brightness and texture levels of each video frame, with Laplacian operators used to analyze both high and low textured areas. The process includes frame and audio extraction, frame-by-frame embedding, inserted video reconstruction, and decoding using video cover references. The evaluation was carried out quantitatively using the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) metrics, as well as qualitatively through visual comparison. The results showed that the adaptive multi-bit method was able to maintain visual quality with a PSNR of 45.23 dB and SSIM of 0.9424, and increased the insertion capacity by up to 2–3 times compared to the 1-bit adaptive method. Thus, this approach effectively balances imperceptibility and insertion capacity on dynamic video steganography systems.