Optimalisasi Konservasi Tanah dan Air dalam Penataan Ruang Wilayah : Tinjauan Literatur

Landslides in the Giritengah Catchment Area are influenced by several factors, including geological conditions, rainfall intensity, geomorphology, soil characteristics, and inappropriate land use practices, all of which affect regional spatial planning and environmental stability. This study presents a literature review that analyzes landslide vulnerability, evaluates the impact of land use changes, and proposes integrated Soil and Water Conservation Techniques (SWCT) to support sustainable land management. The analysis applies Geographic Information System methods using thematic map overlays such as rainfall distribution, slope gradient, geological structure, and land use patterns. The results show that areas categorized as having high landslide vulnerability cover 44.02% or approximately 158.69 hectares of the catchment area, while areas with very low vulnerability account for only 0.12% or about 0.79 hectares. Land use conversion, particularly mixed dryland agriculture, has increased landslide risk by reducing slope stability and increasing surface runoff. To address this issue, conservation strategies are recommended, including vegetative measures such as greening 38.51 hectares in settlement areas and implementing agroforestry systems across 218.48 hectares. In addition, structural measures such as three dam retainers and twenty gully plugs are proposed in both protected and cultivation zones to support disaster mitigation and align with regional spatial planning policies.